Molecular genetics of syndromic and non-syndromic forms of parathyroid carcinoma.

Molecular genetics of syndromic and non-syndromic forms of parathyroid carcinoma.
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DOI:
10.1002/humu.23337
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发表时间:
2017-12
期刊:
影响因子:
3.9
通讯作者:
Thakker RV
Thakker RV
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Cardoso L;Stevenson M;Thakker RV

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甲状旁腺癌 (PC) 可能作为复杂遗传性综合征或孤立性(即非综合征性)非遗传性(即散发性)内分泌病的一部分发生。对 PC 的遗传性和综合征形式的研究,包括甲状旁腺功能亢进症颌骨肿瘤综合征 (HPT-JT)、1 型和 2 型多发性内分泌肿瘤(MEN1 和 MEN2)以及家族性孤立性原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症 (FIHP),已揭示了 PC 的一些遗传机制。因此,细胞分裂周期 73 (CDC73) 种系突变导致 HPT-JT,CDC73 突变发生在 70% 的散发性 PC 中,但仅约 2% 的甲状旁腺腺瘤发生。此外,CDC73 种系突变发生在 20%–40% 的散发性 PC 患者中,可能揭示未被识别的 HPT-JT。这表明 CDC73 突变是 PC 病因学中的主要驱动突变。然而,不存在基因型-表型相关性,并且已报道散发性 PC、HPT-JT 或 FIHP 患者存在一些 CDC73 突变(例如 c.679_680insAG)。与散发性 PC 相关的其他基因包括种系 MEN1 和转染期间重排 (RET) 突变、视网膜母细胞瘤 1 (RB1) 和肿瘤蛋白 P53 (TP53) 基因的体细胞改变,以及表观遗传修饰,包括 DNA 甲基化和组蛋白修饰,以及 microRNA 失调。本综述总结了家族综合征型和非综合征型(散发性)PC 的遗传学和表观遗传学。
Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) may occur as part of a complex hereditary syndrome or an isolated (i.e., non‐syndromic) non‐hereditary (i.e., sporadic) endocrinopathy. Studies of hereditary and syndromic forms of PC, which include the hyperparathyroidism‐jaw tumor syndrome (HPT‐JT), multiple endocrine neoplasia types 1 and 2 (MEN1 and MEN2), and familial isolated primary hyperparathyroidism (FIHP), have revealed some genetic mechanisms underlying PC. Thus, cell division cycle 73 (CDC73) germline mutations cause HPT‐JT, and CDC73 mutations occur in 70% of sporadic PC, but in only ∼2% of parathyroid adenomas. Moreover, CDC73 germline mutations occur in 20%–40% of patients with sporadic PC and may reveal unrecognized HPT‐JT. This indicates that CDC73 mutations are major driver mutations in the etiology of PCs. However, there is no genotype–phenotype correlation and some CDC73 mutations (e.g., c.679_680insAG) have been reported in patients with sporadic PC, HPT‐JT, or FIHP. Other genes involved in sporadic PC include germline MEN1 and rearranged during transfection (RET) mutations and somatic alterations of the retinoblastoma 1 (RB1) and tumor protein P53 (TP53) genes, as well as epigenetic modifications including DNA methylation and histone modifications, and microRNA misregulation. This review summarizes the genetics and epigenetics of the familial syndromic and non‐syndromic (sporadic) forms of PC.
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