The Importance of Regional, System-Wide and Local Spatial Scales in Structuring Temperate Estuarine Fish Communities
The Importance of Regional, System-Wide and Local Spatial Scales in Structuring Temperate Estuarine Fish Communities
复制标题
区域、全系统和局部空间尺度在构建温带河口鱼类群落中的重要性
作者：
F. Valesini;J. Tweedley;K. R. Clarke;K. R. Clarke;I. Potter
一个广泛的文献资料库在世界范围内展示了河口鱼类组合的空间差异是如何在（生物）区域，河口范围内或当地（河口内）尺度的环境。然而，很少有研究对所有三个尺度进行了研究，而那些包括一个以上尺度的研究往往侧重于单个环境变量的水平，而不是整个尺度。这项研究确定了这些空间尺度的环境差异，跨区域，河口范围和当地的水平，是最重要的结构在整个西南部的澳大利亚河口鱼类区系组成。这是第一个采用这种方法的温带微潮沃茨。为了实现这一点，我们在PRIMER v6中采用了一种新的BIOENV例程方法，并在PRIMER v7的alpha版本中采用了修改后的全局最佳测试。所有三个尺度的组合最好地匹配了整个研究区域的鱼类区系差异模式（ρ = 0.59; P = 0.001），河口范围和区域尺度的变异性约为当地尺度的两倍。阴影图分析表明，这些更广泛的规模鱼类区系的差异是由更大的海洋和河口物种的多样性，在永久开放的西海岸河口和更高的数量的几个小河口物种在开放的南海岸河口。当相互作用的影响进行了探讨，强烈的，但对比的影响，当地的环境尺度内每个区域和河口类型。还制作了一个定量决策树，用于预测澳大利亚西南部任何近岸河口的鱼类区系。上述研究结果的河口管理的影响突出。
An extensive literature base worldwide demonstrates how spatial differences in estuarine fish assemblages are related to those in the environment at (bio)regional, estuary-wide or local (within-estuary) scales. Few studies, however, have examined all three scales, and those including more than one have often focused at the level of individual environmental variables rather than scales as a whole. This study has identified those spatial scales of environmental differences, across regional, estuary-wide and local levels, that are most important in structuring ichthyofaunal composition throughout south-western Australian estuaries. It is the first to adopt this approach for temperate microtidal waters. To achieve this, we have employed a novel approach to the BIOENV routine in PRIMER v6 and a modified global BEST test in an alpha version of PRIMER v7. A combination of all three scales best matched the pattern of ichthyofaunal differences across the study area (ρ = 0.59; P = 0.001), with estuary-wide and regional scales accounting for about twice the variability of local scales. A shade plot analysis showed these broader-scale ichthyofaunal differences were driven by a greater diversity of marine and estuarine species in the permanently-open west coast estuaries and higher numbers of several small estuarine species in the periodically-open south coast estuaries. When interaction effects were explored, strong but contrasting influences of local environmental scales were revealed within each region and estuary type. A quantitative decision tree for predicting the fish fauna at any nearshore estuarine site in south-western Australia has also been produced. The estuarine management implications of the above findings are highlighted.