Inflammatory Response and Barrier Dysfunction by Different e-Cigarette Flavoring Chemicals Identified by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry in e-Liquids and e-Vapors on Human Lung Epithelial Cells and Fibroblasts.
Inflammatory Response and Barrier Dysfunction by Different e-Cigarette Flavoring Chemicals Identified by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry in e-Liquids and e-Vapors on Human Lung Epithelial Cells and Fibroblasts.
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DOI：
10.1089/aivt.2016.0030
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发表时间：
2017-03-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Rahman I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gerloff J;Sundar IK;Freter R;Sekera ER;Friedman AE;Robinson R;Pagano T;Rahman I
最近的研究表明，电子烟的味道可能会通过施加氧化应激和炎症反应对肺组织有害。除了电子烟使用者吸入的其他风险预期的增味剂外，暴露于电子烟调味化学品的肺上皮细胞和成纤维细胞的潜在炎症反应尚不清楚。本研究的目的是通过气相色谱-质谱分析，评估促炎细胞因子（白细胞介素-8 [IL-8]）的释放和上皮屏障功能对不同电子烟调味物质的反应，这些化学物质在各种电子烟液体调味剂和蒸汽中被鉴定出来。本研究中使用的调味剂，如乙托因（黄油）、二乙酰基、戊二酮、麦芽醇（麦芽）、邻香兰素（香草）、香豆素和肉桂醛与肿瘤坏死因子α (TNFα)的比较。人支气管上皮细胞（Beas2B）、人黏液表皮样癌上皮细胞（H292）和人肺成纤维细胞（HFL-1）分别用每种调味剂处理24小时。然后收集细胞和条件培养基并分析毒性（存活率%），肺上皮屏障功能和促炎细胞因子IL-8释放。在10 μM ~ 1 mM的浓度范围内，任何一种调味剂对细胞活力均无显著影响。乙酰和双乙酰处理诱导Beas2B细胞IL-8释放。与对照组和TNFα相比，乙托因和戊二酮处理的HFL-1细胞对IL-8的释放产生了不同但显著的反应。香料，如邻香兰素和麦芽糖醇，诱导了Beas2B细胞中IL-8的释放，但在H292细胞中没有。在所有测试的调味化学物质中，乙托因和麦芽糖醇在Beas2B和HFL-1细胞中比tnf - α更有效地诱导IL-8释放。用细胞表面阻抗传感法测定了风味化学物质迅速损害人支气管上皮细胞（16-HBE）的上皮屏障功能。我们的研究结果表明，一些含有调味化学物质的电子烟液体/气溶胶会导致肺细胞上皮屏障功能和促炎反应的显著丧失。
Recent studies suggest that electronic cigarette (e-cig) flavors can be harmful to lung tissue by imposing oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. The potential inflammatory response by lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts exposed to e-cig flavoring chemicals in addition to other risk-anticipated flavor enhancers inhaled by e-cig users is not known. The goal of this study was to evaluate the release of the proinflammatory cytokine (interleukin-8 [IL-8]) and epithelial barrier function in response to different e-cig flavoring chemicals identified in various e-cig e-liquid flavorings and vapors by chemical characterization using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. Flavorings, such as acetoin (butter), diacetyl, pentanedione, maltol (malt), ortho-vanillin (vanilla), coumarin, and cinnamaldehyde in comparison with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), were used in this study. Human bronchial epithelial cells (Beas2B), human mucoepidermoid carcinoma epithelial cells (H292), and human lung fibroblasts (HFL-1) were treated with each flavoring chemical for 24 hours. The cells and conditioned media were then collected and analyzed for toxicity (viability %), lung epithelial barrier function, and proinflammatory cytokine IL-8 release. Cell viability was not significantly affected by any of the flavoring chemicals tested at a concentration of 10 μM to 1 mM. Acetoin and diacetyl treatment induced IL-8 release in Beas2B cells. Acetoin- and pentanedione-treated HFL-1 cells produced a differential, but significant response for IL-8 release compared to controls and TNFα. Flavorings, such as ortho-vanillin and maltol, induced IL-8 release in Beas2B cells, but not in H292 cells. Of all the flavoring chemicals tested, acetoin and maltol were more potent inducers of IL-8 release than TNFα in Beas2B and HFL-1 cells. Flavoring chemicals rapidly impaired epithelial barrier function in human bronchial epithelial cells (16-HBE) as measured by electric cell surface impedance sensing. Our findings suggest that some of the e-cig liquids/aerosols containing flavoring chemicals can cause significant loss of epithelial barrier function and proinflammatory response in lung cells.