Non-morph specific predation of peppered moths (Biston betularia) by bats
Non-morph specific predation of peppered moths (Biston betularia) by bats
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2311.2008.00987.x
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发表时间：
2008-10-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Majerus, Michael E. N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Majerus, Michael E. N.
1.胡椒蛾的工业黑变现象，是自然选择作用的最重要的例子之一。19世纪90年代，Tutt提出鸟类的不同捕食是胡椒蛾黑化进化的主要因素，凯特韦尔在20世纪50年代发表了经验支持。最近一些试图破坏凯特韦尔工作的批评缺乏客观性，而且以前已经得到了回答。一个以前没有得到解决的批评是蝙蝠捕食在案件中的作用。使用蝙蝠的非视觉差异捕食来解释胡椒蛾的黑变的增加和减少的困难，因为它与污染水平相关，被概述。捕食实验，其中蛾的typica和carbonaria形式的胡椒蛾被释放，并在夜间观察，用于确定蝙蝠是否有区别地早于这些形式。三个地点的实验结果表明，蝙蝠捕食两种形式的辣椒蛾的水平没有显着差异。
1. Industrial melanism in the peppered moth, Biston betularia, is one of the foremost examples of natural selection in action.2. Differential bird predation was suggested as the main agent for the evolution of melanism in the peppered moth by Tutt in the 1890s, with empirical support being published by Kettlewell in the 1950s.3. Some recent critiques that have attempted to undermine Kettlewell's work have lacked objectivity, and have been answered previously.4. One criticism that has not previously been addressed is that of the role of bat predation in the case.5. The difficulty of using non-visual differential predation by bats to explain the increase and decrease in melanism in the peppered moth, correlated as it is to pollution levels, is outlined.6. Predation experiments, in which moths of the typica and carbonaria forms of the peppered moth were released and observed at night, were used to determine whether bats differentially predate these forms.7. Results of experiments at three sites showed no significant differences in the level of bat predation of the two forms of peppered moth.