Stomach Contents of the Blue Shark (Prionace Glauca L.) Off South-West England
Stomach Contents of the Blue Shark (Prionace Glauca L.) Off South-West England
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英格兰西南部附近的蓝鲨 (Prionace Glauca L.) 的胃内容物
DOI：
10.1017/s0025315400022323
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发表时间：
1973
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
J. Stevens
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Stevens
大青鲨是一种中上层物种，几乎环绕全球分布在热带和温带海域。在北方半球，在较温暖的月份，它们将活动范围向北扩展到太平洋和大西洋（斯特拉斯堡，1959; Bigelow & Schroeder，1948; Templeman，1963）。在5月至10月期间，它们定期出现，并在英格兰西南部的半岛周围大量出现。斯特拉斯堡指出，在中太平洋，蓝鲨是机会性的捕食者，就像他研究的其他中上层物种一样，它们的食物主要由鱿鱼和小鱼组成。Bigelow & Schroeder假设鲱鱼（Clupea harengus L.），鲭鱼（Scomber scombrus L.），沙丁鱼（Sardina pilchardus Walbaum）和多种头足类动物是北方沃茨的主要食物，角鲨（Squalus acanthias L.）和各种各样的底层鱼在温暖的沃茨，飞鱼和偶尔捕捉到的在水面上休息的海鸟是它们的食物。Bigelow & Schroeder还引用了著名的故事，蓝鲨跟随船只寻找内脏，并以被鱼叉叉住的鲸鱼尸体为食。Le Brasseur（1964年）研究了阿拉斯加湾刺网捕获的大青鲨的饮食，并在总体上证实了斯特拉斯堡的观察结果。然而，他说，当鲑鱼（Oncorhynchus sp.）蓝鲨可能会选择性地以刺网中的鱼类为食，而忽略在其正常饮食中出现的其他容易获得的物种。Couch（1862年）检查了两个来自康沃尔语沃茨的标本的胃，发现了鲱鱼、鲭鱼和鹰嘴鱼（Belone belone L.），以及角鲨和海鳗。罗·比安科（1909年）在那不勒斯湾捕获的两个标本中的一个标本中发现了飞鱼和头足类动物，另一个标本中含有大量的飞鱼卵（Exocoetus sp.）。
The blue shark is a pelagic species having a virtually circumglobal distribution in tropical and temperate seas. In the northern hemisphere, during the warmer months, they extend their range northwards in both the Pacific and Atlantic (Strasburg, 1959; Bigelow & Schroeder, 1948; Templeman, 1963). Between May and October they occur regularly and in considerable numbers around the south-west peninsula of England. Strasburg showed that in the central Pacific blue sharks are opportunistic feeders as were the other pelagic species he studied, their diet consisting mainly of squid and small fish. Bigelow & Schroeder suppose herring (Clupea harengus L.), mackerel ((Scomber scombrus L.), sardines (Sardina pilchardus Walbaum) and a variety of cephalopods to be the chief diet in northern waters, together with Squalus acanthias L. and various bottom fish on the fishing banks. In warmer waters anchovies (Engraulis encrasicolus L.), flying fish and the occasional sea bird caught resting on the water are known to occur in their diet. Bigelow & Schroeder also quote the well-known stories of blue shark following boats for offal and feeding on the carcasses of harpooned whales. Le Brasseur (1964) examined the diet of blue sharks caught by gill net in the Gulf of Alaska and in general confirmed Strasburg's observations. However, he stated that when salmon (Oncorhynchus sp.) were available in gill nets blue shark might selectively feed on them, while by-passing other readily available species occurring in their normal diet. Couch (1862) examined the stomachs of two specimens from Cornish waters, finding herring, mackerel and garfish (Belone belone L.), as well as Squalus and Conger conger L. Lo Bianco (1909) found anchovies and cephalopods in one of two specimens caught in the Bay of Naples, the other of which contained large numbers of flying-fish eggs (Exocoetus sp.).