The Grasshopper Neuroblast Short-Term Assay for Evaluating the Effects of Environmental Chemicals on Chromosomes and Cell Kinetics
The Grasshopper Neuroblast Short-Term Assay for Evaluating the Effects of Environmental Chemicals on Chromosomes and Cell Kinetics
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用于评估环境化学物质对染色体和细胞动力学影响的蚱蜢神经母细胞短期测定
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发表时间：
1984
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通讯作者：
M. J. Ferguson
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作者：
M. Gaulden;Jan C. Liang;M. J. Ferguson
蚱蜢神经母细胞（GHNb）是可用于评估环境化学物质致突变性的测试库中的新成员。目前的大多数检测方法自当前对环境诱变剂和致癌物鉴定的积极研究时代开始以来就一直在使用，这些研究在 20 世纪 60 年代末开始在国际上取得势头。(28,56) 那么，为什么我们最近开发了另一种检测方法呢？首先，蚱蜢 Chortophaga viridifasciata (De Geer) 的神经母细胞 (Nb) 已被证明对 X 射线非常敏感（低至 1 rad 的剂量就可以检测到对染色体断裂和有丝分裂率的影响 (42,43)），因此我们推断它可能对化学诱变剂也非常敏感。其次，GHNb 中自发染色体畸变频率为零的事实意味着可以用最少数量的细胞获得有关诱变剂的重要数据。第三，GHNb 的细胞周期较短 (44)，具有许多明确的阶段，因此可以获得有关药物对细胞进展影响的大量信息。环境诱变剂作用的这一方面受到的关注相对较少，并且与致畸作用具有相当大的相关性。(36) 短细胞周期（Chortophaga，4 小时；Melanoplus sanguinipes，2 小时，38°C）也有利于测试半衰期短的化学品。
The grasshopper neuroblast (GHNb) is a newcomer to the library of tests available for evaluating the mutagenicity of environmental chemicals. Most of the current tests have been in use since the beginning of the present era of active research on the identification of environmental mutagens and carcinogens, which began to attain international momentum in the late 1960s.(28,56) Why, then, did we recently develop another assay? First, the neuroblast (Nb) of the grasshopper Chortophaga viridifasciata (De Geer) has been shown to be very sensitive to X rays (the effects of doses as low as 1 rad on chromosome breakage and on mitotic rate can be detected(42,43)), so we reasoned that it might also be very sensitive to chemical mutagens. Second, the fact that the spontaneous chromosome aberration frequency in the GHNb is zero means that significant data on mutagens can be obtained with a minimum number of cells. Third, the GHNb has a short cell cycle(44) with a number of well-defined phases, and thus, much information about the effects of agents on cell progression can be obtained. This aspect of environmental mutagen action has received relatively little attention and is of considerable relevance to teratogenesis.(36) The short cell cycle (Chortophaga, 4 hr; Melanoplus sanguinipes, 2 hr, 38°C) is also advantageous for testing chemicals with short half-lives.