Sonodynamic Therapy: Concept, Mechanism and Application to Cancer Treatment
Sonodynamic Therapy: Concept, Mechanism and Application to Cancer Treatment
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-22536-4_22
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Callan, Bridgeen
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文献类型：
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作者：
McHale, Anthony P.;Callan, John F.;Callan, Bridgeen
声动力疗法（SDT）代表了一种新兴方法，它提供了以定点方式非侵入性根除实体瘤的可能性。它涉及用无毒的致敏化学剂使靶组织致敏，然后将致敏组织暴露于相对低强度的超声波。本质上，这两个方面（致敏和超声暴露）都是无害的，并且当两者结合时会发生细胞毒性事件。由于超声波穿透组织的深度很大，该方法比类似的替代方法具有优势，例如光动力疗法（PDT），其中使用较少的穿透光来在敏感组织中提供细胞毒性作用。这表明声动力疗法可能会找到更广泛的临床应用，特别是对于难以接近的病变的非侵入性治疗。早期基于 SDT 的方法采用了 PDT 中使用的许多敏化剂，尽管超声激活敏化剂的方式与 PDT 中的激活事件不同。在这里，我们将回顾目前公认的超声激活敏化剂引发细胞毒性作用的机制。此外，我们将探索基于 SDT 的体外和体内研究的大量证据，让读者深入了解 SDT 在癌症治疗中的治疗潜力。
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) represents an emerging approach that offers the possibility of non-invasively eradicating solid tumors in a site-directed manner. It involves the sensitization of target tissues with a non-toxic sensitizing chemical agent and subsequent exposure of the sensitized tissues to relatively low-intensity ultrasound. Essentially, both aspects (the sensitization and ultrasound exposure) are harmless, and cytotoxic events occur when both are combined. Due to the significant depth that ultrasound penetrates tissue, the approach provides an advantage over similar alternative approaches, such as photodynamic therapy (PDT), in which less penetrating light is employed to provide the cytotoxic effect in sensitized tissues. This suggests that sonodynamic therapy may find wider clinical application, particularly for the non-invasive treatment of less accessible lesions. Early SDT-based approaches employed many of the sensitizers used in PDT, although the manner in which ultrasound activates the sensitizer differs from activation events in PDT. Here we will review the currently accepted mechanisms by which ultrasound activates sensitizers to elicit cytotoxic effects. In addition, we will explore the breath of evidence from in-vitro and in-vivo SDT-based studies, providing the reader with an insight into the therapeutic potential offered by SDT in the treatment of cancer.