Racial gradients of ambient air pollution exposure in Hamilton, Canada
Racial gradients of ambient air pollution exposure in Hamilton, Canada
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DOI：
10.1068/a36151
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发表时间：
2004-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Jerrett, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Buzzelli, M;Jerrett, M
美国的环境正义研究结合了这样一个概念，即明显的少数群体地位以及社会经济地位(SEP)会导致暴露在环境健康危害中。在关于加拿大和美国城市差异的长期辩论的背景下，我们讨论了加拿大汉密尔顿的空气污染是否存在种族梯度的问题。用克立格法对监测的空气质量数据进行空间内插。算法。借助多变量和空间技术，这些插入的曝光量与1996年人口普查区域范围内的数据进行了统计关联。拉丁美洲人在人口普查区域的比例与污染暴露呈正相关，即使在控制了许多SEP变量后也是如此。相比之下，亚裔加拿大人与空气污染呈负相关，而黑人加拿大人则完全没有明显的相关性。因此，加拿大环境种族主义的面貌似乎比美国更加多样和微妙。考虑到加拿大明显的少数民族的移民基础，我们认为汉密尔顿(以及整个加拿大城市)可能代表了由进入时的经济地位驱动的环境种族主义的新维度。通过借鉴美国和英国的类似研究结果，作者得出结论，环境种族主义似乎存在于所有司法管辖区，但不同国家之间不成比例的暴露的性质和程度有所不同。
Environmental justice research in the United States has coalesced around the notion that visible-minority status, along with socioeconomic position (SEP), conditions exposure to environmental health hazards. In the context of long-standing debates over Canada-USA urban differences, we address the question of whether racial gradients exist in air pollution across Hamilton, Canada. Monitored air quality data are spatially interpolated with a kriging. algorithm. These interpolated exposures are statistically correlated with 1996 data at the census tract scale, with the aid of multivariate and spatial techniques. The proportion of Latin-Americans in a census tract is positively associated with pollution exposure, even after control for many SEP variables. In contrast, Asian-Canadians are negatively associated with air pollution, and Black-Canadians show no clear correlation at all. Thus, the faces of environmental racism in Canada seem more varied and nuanced than in the USA. Given the immigrant basis of visible minorities in Canada, we argue that Hamilton (and the Canadian city generally) may represent new dimensions of environmental racism driven by economic status at time of entry. In drawing on similar findings in the USA and the United Kingdom, the authors conclude that environmental racism appears present in all jurisdictions, but that the nature and extent of disproportionate exposure differ between countries.