Recent Developments and Continuing Challenges in the Regulation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from International Shipping
Recent Developments and Continuing Challenges in the Regulation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from International Shipping
复制标题
国际航运温室气体排放监管的最新进展和持续挑战
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发表时间：
2013
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通讯作者：
J. Harrison
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Harrison
本文解释并评估了 2011 年 7 月通过的《防污公约》附件六第四部分的发展情况。附件六的新增内容包含了规范船舶能源效率的新规则。特别是，第四部分引入了所谓的能源效率设计指数（EEDI），该指数将要求所有新船满足特定的能源效率目标。 EEDI 谈判过程的显着特点之一是 IMO 成员国未能达成共识。特别是，对于共同但有区别的责任原则适用于航运业存在分歧。 EEDI 的最终形式旨在适用于所有船舶，无论其悬挂哪面旗帜。然而，一些发展中大国投票反对新规则，这引发了人们对EEDI是否普遍适用的怀疑，特别是因为这些国家将能够通过行使反对《防污公约》规定的修正案的权利来避免其适用。针对这一问题，本文考虑了新计划支持者可以采取的方案，以促进其在所有船舶上的应用，包括没有正式遵守 EEDI 义务的国家。该论文认为，虽然支持 EEDI 的国家可以使用一些策略来促进其应用，特别是通过港口国措施，但这些策略只是提供了一种膏药。普遍适用只能通过政治解决来实现。
This paper explains and evaluates the development of Part IV to Annex VI of the MARPOL Convention which was adopted in July 2011. The addition to Annex VI contains new rules regulating the energy efficiency of ships. In particular, Part IV introduces the so-called Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) which will require all new ships to meet specific energy efficiency targets. One of the striking features of the negotiation process of the EEDI was the failure to achieve a consensus amongst IMO Member States. In particular, there was disagreement on the application of the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities to the shipping sector. In its final form, the EEDI is designed to apply to all ships, regardless of which flag they fly. However, several large developing countries voted against the new rules which raises doubts as to whether the EEDI will apply universally, particularly as these states will be able to avoid their application through the exercise of their right to object to amendments under the MARPOL Convention. In response to this problem, this paper considers the options that are available to proponents of the new scheme to promote its application to all ships, including states which are not formally bound to comply with the EEDI. The paper argues that whilst there are some strategies that can be used by those states which support the EEDI to promote their application, particularly through port state measures, these strategies only offer a sticking plaster. Universal application can only be achieved through a political solution.