The emergency life-history stage and immunity in the cricket, Gryllus texensis
The emergency life-history stage and immunity in the cricket, Gryllus texensis
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DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.01.011
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发表时间：
2006-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Parsons, N. M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Adamo, S. A.;Parsons, N. M.
脊椎动物和软体动物（如牡蛎）在暴露于压力源后更容易患病。间接证据表明，昆虫在受到压力时可能变得不那么容易生病。如果这是真的，这将迫使我们重新考虑我们关于压力诱导的免疫抑制可能具有适应性意义的假设。我们测试了拥挤，体育锻炼，约束，飞行，热，冷，激动的行为和水平升高的飞行或战斗神经激素章鱼胺对免疫功能和抗病性（即抵抗细菌粘质沙雷氏菌）的蟋蟀德州。拥挤并没有诱导抗病性增加（密度依赖性预防），然而，这一结果是难以解释的，因为死亡率较高的拥挤的蟋蟀比孤立的蟋蟀。体育锻炼，克制，飞行，热和竞争行为引起抗病性下降。限制和热也诱导诱导溶菌酶样活性的下降，表明这种免疫功能的减少。注射章鱼胺导致抗病性下降，表明它可能影响飞行或战斗活动后的免疫抑制。我们没有证据表明压力会引起免疫资源的重新分配，从而增强伤口监视。物理约束后，蟋蟀受伤后比对照组更容易受到细菌感染。应激诱导的免疫抑制的广泛发生表明它具有重要的功能。(c)2006年，动物行为研究协会。由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
Both vertebrates and molluscs (e.g. oysters) become more susceptible to disease after exposure to a stressor. Indirect evidence suggested that insects may become less susceptible to disease when exposed to stress. If true, this would force us to reconsider our hypotheses about the possible adaptive significance of stress-induced immunosuppression. We tested the effect of crowding, physical exercise, restraint, flight, heat, cold, agonistic behaviour and elevated levels of the flight-or-fight neurohormone octopamine on immune function and disease resistance (i.e. resistance to the bacterium Serratia marcescens) in the cricket Gryllus texensis. Crowding did not induce increased disease resistance (density-dependent prophylaxis); however, this result is difficult to interpret because mortality was higher for crowded crickets than it was for isolated crickets. Physical exercise, restraint, flight, heat and agonistic behaviour induced a decline in disease resistance. Restraint and heat also induced a decline in inducible lysozyme-like activity, suggesting a reduction in this immune function. Injections of octopamine resulted in a decrease in disease resistance, suggesting that it may affect immunosuppression after flight-or-fight activity. We have no evidence that stress induces a redistribution of immune resources resulting in enhanced wound surveillance. Following physical restraint, crickets were more susceptible to bacterial infection after wounding than were controls. The widespread occurrence of stress-induced immunosuppression suggests that it serves an important function. (c) 2006 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.