Contribution of tissue lead to blood lead in adult female subjects based on stable lead isotope methods.
Contribution of tissue lead to blood lead in adult female subjects based on stable lead isotope methods.
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发表时间：
1995-06
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通讯作者：
B. Gulson;K. Mahaffey;K. Mizon;M. Korsch;M. Cameron;G. Vimpani
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作者：
B. Gulson;K. Mahaffey;K. Mizon;M. Korsch;M. Cameron;G. Vimpani
预防铅中毒的公共卫生和医学建议依赖于使用血铅浓度来评估铅暴露和预测不良健康影响的发生。血铅水平通常被认为反映了最近的环境铅暴露。然而，组织铅储存在长时间段内累积（即，年）。这些组织储存，主要来自骨骼，可以作为正常生理和病理过程的一部分重新动员。虽然化学分析不能区分铅同位素，但质谱测定可以区分特定样品中存在的稳定铅同位素的量（例如，引线207、引线206、引线204和引线208）。选定的地理位置可能具有不同的同位素分布。例如，在澳大利亚大陆，环境铅源和血液样本中报告的206 Pb/204 Pb比值通常小于17.0。相比之下，来自东欧和前苏联的成年女性移民的血液样本中稳定的铅同位素分布通常具有大于17.5的206 Pb/204 Pb比率，并且在进入澳大利亚时高达18.5。在300天的时间内，对血样进行纵向监测，通过质谱法确定稳定的铅同位素分布，并对血样进行总铅含量的化学分析。这些数据表明，血液中45%至70%的铅来自长期组织铅储存。认识到血液中铅的主要来源是组织储存，而不是同期的环境，应大大修改使用血铅监测职业或环境干预的建议。此外，通过血液中组织铅的存在记录的铅的内部生物学特性是铅暴露的长期健康风险的基础。铅从母体组织库转移到胎儿是一个特别值得关注的领域。
Public health and medical recommendations on prevention of lead toxicity rely on use of blood lead concentrations to assess lead exposure and predict onset of adverse health effects. Blood lead levels have generally been thought to reflect recent environmental lead exposures. However, tissue lead stores are accumulated over a long time period (i.e., years). These tissue stores, primarily from bone, can be remobilized as part of both normal physiologic and pathologic processes. Although chemical analyses do not differentiate lead isotopes, mass spectrometric determinations can differentiate the quantities of stable lead isotopes present in particular samples (e.g., lead 207, lead 206, lead 204, and lead 208). Selected geographic locations may have distinct isotopic profiles. For example, on mainland Australia the 206Pb/204Pb ratios reported in both environmental lead sources and blood samples are typically less than 17.0. By contrast, stable lead isotope profiles in blood samples of adult women immigrating from Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union usually have 206Pb/204Pb ratios greater than 17.5 and as high as 18.5 on entry into Australia. Longitudinal monitoring of blood samples to determine stable lead isotope profiles by mass spectrometry and chemical analyses of blood samples for total lead content were conducted over a 300-day period. These data show that between 45% and 70% of lead in blood comes from long-term tissue lead stores. Recognition that the predominant source of lead in blood was tissue stores rather than the contemporaneous environment should greatly modify recommendations on use of blood lead to monitor occupational or environmental interventions. In addition, internal biokinetics of lead, documented through presence of tissue lead in blood, underlie the long-term health risks of lead exposure. Transfer of lead to the fetus from maternal tissue stores represents a special area of concern.