Thraustochytrids, a neglected component of organic matter decomposition and food webs in marine sediments.
Thraustochytrids, a neglected component of organic matter decomposition and food webs in marine sediments.
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-642-23342-5_1
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Bongiorni, Lucia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bongiorni, Lucia
海洋沉积物中有机物的分解是影响氧和碳通量的关键步骤。除了异养细菌和真菌之外，渗透异养原生生物也可能对这一过程做出贡献，但它们作为分解者的作用程度仍不清楚。在腐生原生生物中，破囊壶菌已从不同的生境和基质中分离出来。最近，据报道，它们在海洋沉积物中特别丰富，其特征是存在海草和红树林碎屑等顽固有机物，在那里它们的生物量可以与其他原生生物和细菌相当。此外，它们产生多种酶的能力表明破囊壶菌在沉积物有机分解中发挥着重要作用。此外，破囊壶菌可能是几种底栖微生物和动物的食物来源，并可能参与营养贫乏的有机碎屑的升级。本章概述了底栖生态系统中破囊壶菌的研究，并讨论了未来的前景和量化其在底栖食物网中的作用的可能方法。
Decomposition of organic matter in marine sediments is a critical step influencing oxygen and carbon fluxes. In addition to heterotrophic bacteria and fungi, osmoheterotrophic protists may contribute to this process, but the extent of their role as decomposers is still unknown. Among saprophytic protists, the thraustochytrids have been isolated from different habitats and substrates. Recently, they have been reported to be particularly abundant in marine sediments characterized by the presence of recalcitrant organic matter such as seagrass and mangrove detritus where they can reach biomass comparable to those of other protists and bacteria. In addition, their capacity to produce a wide spectrum of enzymes suggests a substantial role of thraustochytrids in sedimentary organic decomposition. Moreover, thraustochytrids may represent a food source for several benthic microorganisms and animals and may be involved in the upgrading of nutrient-poor organic detritus. This chapter presents an overview on studies of thraustochytrids in benthic ecosystems and discusses future prospectives and possible methods to quantify their role in benthic food webs.