Septiventeridae, a new and ancestral fossil family of Scarabaeoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) from the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation
Septiventeridae, a new and ancestral fossil family of Scarabaeoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) from the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation
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DOI：
10.1080/14772019.2012.660995
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发表时间：
2013-04-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Yang, Xing-Ke
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bai, Ming;Beutel, Rolf G.;Yang, Xing-Ke
在形态学上，圣甲虫科是被研究得最好的甲虫类群之一。然而，目前已知的化石保存不完整是解释超科灭绝物种的一个基本问题。翼脉系在分类和系统发育分析中一直被认为是一个有价值的特征系统。然而，到目前为止，圣甲虫化石的后翼特征还没有使用几何形态计量学进行分析。本文描述并说明了一新属和一新种，并将其归入甲虫科（Septiventeridae fam）。11月，基于中国辽宁省义县组保存完好的标本。基于68个形态学特征，采用枝系分类方法推断了七文特属的系统发育位置。此外，基于对Septiventer后翅的几何形态分析，利用261个翅膀标志，分析了161个圣甲虫和6个外群种的结构亲和力。七鳃甲科被认为是剩下的金龟子总科的姐妹组，其下两个分支是金龟子科和Trogidae。因此，这对于理解超家族的早期多样化以及重建该群体的早期进化转变至关重要。在翅膀的形状上，七翅蝶科与大多数现代谱系有很大的不同。然而，形态计量学的结果有力地支持了七翅目、扁翅目和Trogidae的后翅结构亲和性。这与基于一般特征集的系统发育假说很好地吻合，并强烈表明这种翼型最接近金龟子的地平面。形态学特征表明，七角虫有良好的飞行能力，它可能在白天活动，加工软食物，在挖掘隧道时不像现存的更专业的屎壳郎那么活跃。http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B0076219-3F4C-4E3D-8054-7DA855E0D8A4
Morphologically, Scarabaeoidea is one of the best-studied groups of beetles. However, the incomplete preservation of presently known fossils is a fundamental problem in the interpretation of extinct species of the superfamily. Wing venation has long been recognized as a valuable character system in taxonomic and phylogenetic analyses. However, to date hind wing features of scarab fossils have not been analysed using geometric morphometrics. A new genus and a new species, Septiventer quadridentatus gen. et sp. nov., is described and illustrated and assigned to a new scarabaeoid family Septiventeridae fam. nov., based on one well-preserved specimen from the Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, China. The phylogenetic position of Septiventer is inferred based on 68 morphological characters using a cladistic approach. Additionally, based on a geometric morphometric analysis of the hind wing of Septiventer, the structural affinities of 161 scarabs and six outgroup species is analysed, using 261 wing landmarks. Septiventeridae is identified as the sister group of the remaining Scarabaeoidea, with Glaresidae and Trogidae as the next branches. Consequently, it is crucial for an understanding of the early diversification of the superfamily, and for the reconstruction of early evolutionary transformations in the group. Septiventeridae differs strongly from most modern' lineages in wing shape. However, the structural affinity of the hind wings of Septiventeridae, Glaresidae and Trogidae are robustly supported by the results from morphometrics. This fits well with the phylogenetic hypothesis based on the general character set and strongly suggests that this wing pattern is closest to the scarabaeoid groundplan. The morphological features suggest good flying abilities of Septiventer, that it might have been active during the daytime, processed soft food, and was less active in digging tunnels than extant, more specialized dung beetles. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B0076219-3F4C-4E3D-8054-7DA855E0D8A4