Chronic Medical Conditions and Negative Affect: Racial Variation in Reciprocal Associations Over Time
Chronic Medical Conditions and Negative Affect: Racial Variation in Reciprocal Associations Over Time
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00140
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发表时间：
2016-08-24
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Lankarani, Maryam Moghani
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Assari, Shervin;Lankarani, Maryam Moghani
背景：黑白健康悖论可以被定义为尽管与美国白人相比，美国黑人中经济和社会逆境以及慢性疾病(CMC)的患病率更高，但抑郁症的发生率更低。基于这一悖论，预计黑人与CMC抑郁症状的联系比白人弱。我们进行了一项为期10年的纵向研究，比较黑人和白人CMC数量与负面情绪之间的双向联系。方法：我们使用了MIDUS(美国中年)的数据，MIDUS是一项具有全国代表性的美国成年人纵向研究。从1995年到2004年，共有7,108名年龄在25-75岁之间(N=7,108)的人接受了为期10年的跟踪调查。在基线上衡量年龄、性别和社会经济地位(教育和收入)。在基线(1995)和随访结束(2004)时测量负性情绪和CMC。种族是主导者。结果：在合并样本中，虽然基线CMC预测随着时间的推移负面情绪的增加，但基线负面情绪也预测CMC的增加。我们发现，种族和基线CMC对抑郁症状的变化有交互作用，种族对CMC变化有负面影响，这表明白人的CMC与负面情绪的关联比黑人更强。结论：随着时间的推移，黑人和白人在CMC和负面情绪之间的互惠联系不同。这一发现重复了最近关于心理社会因素和身体健康之间基于种族的不同联系的研究。这些发现可能会帮助我们更好地理解黑白健康悖论是如何在中后期发展起来的。
Background: The Black-White health paradox can be defined as lower frequency of depression despite higher prevalence of economic and social adversities as well as chronic medical conditions (CMC) among American Blacks compared to American Whites. Based on this paradox, the CMC - depressive symptoms link is expected to be weaker among Blacks than Whites. We conducted a 10-year longitudinal study to compare Blacks and Whites for bidirectional associations between number of CMC and negative affect over time.Methods: We used data from the MIDUS (Midlife in the United States), a nationally representative longitudinal study of American adults. A total number of 7,108 individuals with an age range of 25-75 years (N = 7,108) were followed for 10 years from 1995 to 2004. Age, gender, and socioeconomic status (education and income) were measured at baseline. Negative affect and CMC were measured at baseline (1995) and end of follow up (2004). Race was the moderator. Linear regression was used to test the moderating effect of race on the reciprocal associations between CMC and negative affect, net of covariates.Results: In the pooled sample, while baseline CMC was predictive of an increase in negative affect over time, baseline negative affect was also predictive of an increase in CMC. We found interactions between race and baseline CMC on change in depressive symptoms, as well as race with negative affect on CMC change, suggesting that the associations between CMC and negative affect are stronger for Whites in comparison to Blacks.Conclusion: Blacks and Whites differ in reciprocal links between CMC and negative affect over time. This finding replicates recent studies on differential links between psychosocial factors and physical health based on race. Findings may help us better understand how Black-White health paradox develops across mid and later life.