Shimaji Mokurai and the Reconception of Religion and the Secular in Modern Japan
Shimaji Mokurai and the Reconception of Religion and the Secular in Modern Japan
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岛二木井与现代日本对宗教和世俗的重新认识
DOI：
10.21313/hawaii/9780824851538.001.0001
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Hans Martin Krämer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hans Martin Krämer
宗教是日本持续不断的政治辩论的核心，例如政府官员参拜靖国神社是否符合宪法，但这些辩论的框架类别，即宗教和世俗，在不到150年前进入日语。然而，把宗教看作是西方强加的，是与日本现实格格不入的东西，就过于简单化了。正如这项深入的研究第一次表明的那样，在日本，宗教和世俗是由日本人批判性地重新审视的，他们有自己的利益和传统，以及在与西方的接触中所接受的利益和传统。它令人信服地指出，到世纪中期，欧洲和北美以外的发展已经成为全球重新思考宗教进程的一部分。19世纪70年代初，日本佛教僧侣向井岛治（Shimaji Mokurai，1838-1911）是第一位深入探讨现代宗教概念的日本人。在他身上，本土传统、政治和西方的影响走到了一起，为日本的宗教和解设定了方向。本书首先追溯了现代日本宗教术语sh的历史。ky？，及其构成要素，并探讨岛寺作为真净土宗的宗派背景意义。岛寺继续塑造早期明治政府的宗教政策，并在重新定义佛教在现代的轨迹至关重要。最后，这部作品提供了岛津与西方知识分子交往的广泛描述（他是第一批前往欧洲的佛教徒之一），并澄清了这些接触对岛津自己思想的影响。最后一章历史化的日本从中世纪到二十世纪的世俗化拨款，并讨论在现代日本的宗教和解的意义。《岛治向井与现代日本的宗教与世俗的再认识》一书具有高度的原创性和知识性，不仅强调了亚洲人在殖民和殖民环境中的作用，而且还暗示了宗教概念在现代社会中的作用：世俗主义的宗教概念是确保我们今天所知的宗教生存的唯一途径。在这方面，日本人对宗教和世俗的和解与西方的类似发展密切相关。
Religion is at the heart of such ongoing political debates in Japan as the constitutionality of official government visits to Yasukuni Shrine, yet the very categories that frame these debates, namely religion and the secular, entered the Japanese language less than 150 years ago. To think of religion as a Western imposition, as something alien to Japanese reality, however, would be simplistic. As this in-depth study shows for the first time, religion and the secular were critically reconceived in Japan by Japanese who had their own interests and traditions as well as those received in their encounters with the West. It argues convincingly that by the mid-nineteenth century developments outside of Europe and North America were already part of a global process of rethinking religion. The Buddhist priest Shimaji Mokurai (1838-1911) was the first Japanese to discuss the modern concept of religion in some depth in the early 1870s. In his person, indigenous tradition, politics, and Western influence came together to set the course the reconception of religion would take in Japan. The volume begins by tracing the history of the modern Japanese term for religion, sh?ky?, and its components and exploring the significance of Shimaji's sectarian background as a True Pure Land Buddhist. Shimaji went on to shape the early Meiji government's religious policy and was essential in redefining the locus of Buddhism in modernity. Finally, the work offers an extensive account of Shimaji's intellectual dealings with the West (he was one of the first Buddhists to travel to Europe) as well as clarifying the ramifications of these encounters for Shimaji's own thinking. Concluding chapters historicize Japanese appropriations of secularization from medieval times to the twentieth century and discuss the meaning of the reconception of religion in modern Japan. Highly original and informed, Shimaji Mokurai and the Reconception of Religion and the Secular in Modern Japan not only emphasizes the agency of Asian actors in colonial and semicolonial situations, but also hints at the function of the concept of religion in modern society: a secularist conception of religion was the only way to ensure the survival of religion as we know it today. In this respect, the Japanese reconception of religion and the secular closely parallels similar developments in the West.