Evolution of ecosystem services in the Chinese Loess Plateau under climatic and land use changes
Evolution of ecosystem services in the Chinese Loess Plateau under climatic and land use changes
复制标题
气候和土地利用变化下中国黄土高原生态系统服务的演变
DOI：
10.1016/j.gloplacha.2012.12.014
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发表时间：
2013-02-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Fu, Bojie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Su, Changhong;Fu, Bojie
长期以来，由于人类对土地的长期利用和以气候变暖和干旱化为主要特征的气候变化，黄土高原生态系统一直处于退化状态。20世纪70年代以来，中国开展的一系列生态保护工程极大地改变了土地利用格局，对生态系统服务功能产生了深刻影响。基于InVEST模型和CASA模型，分析了黄土高原地区的泥沙控制、产水量和净初级生产力的历史变化。结果表明，黄河口泥沙输移量的急剧减少表明黄河口泥沙淤积得到了有效的加固。产水量先降低后升高。输沙量和产水量均表现出空间均匀化趋势。1990 ~ 2000年NPP基本稳定，2000年后NPP大幅增加。生态系统服务之间的相互关系密切而复杂。相关性分析表明，1975 - 2008年输沙量差异与产水量（r（2）=0.776**）呈正相关，1990 - 2008年NPP差异与产水量（r（2）=-0.422**）/输沙量（r（2）=-0.240*）呈负相关。这在一定程度上表明，产水量和泥沙控制/NPP服务之间存在权衡，泥沙控制和NPP之间存在协同作用。气候和土地利用变化是生态系统服务波动的主要驱动因素。相关分析表明，降水量的减少显著影响了流域的产水量（r（2）=0.980**）和输沙量（r（2）=0.791**）。温度的升高对产水量有轻微的负面影响（r（2）=-0350**）。“退耕还林还草”区与高泥沙控制区（r（2）= 0.313 **）/NPP（r（2）=0.488**）的空间一致性表明，退耕还林还草对泥沙控制和NPP生产具有显著的促进作用。观测到的生态系统服务功能的时空变化及其相互关系为土地利用管理政策提供了可操作的标准。(C)2013 Elsevier B. V.保留所有权利。
Due to the lengthy historic land use by humans and the climate change characterized by warming and drying, the Loess Plateau has been plagued by ecosystem degradation for a long time. A series of ecological conservation projects launched since the 1970s altered the land use pattern greatly, and exerted a profound influence on the ecosystem services. Based on the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) and Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA) models, we assessed the historical fluctuation of sediment control, water yield, and net primary production (NPP) in the Loess Plateau. The results showed that sediment retention was greatly consolidated indicated by the sharp decrease of sediment export. Water yield decreased at first and increased later. Both sediment export and water yield showed an increasing 'spatial homogenization' tendency during the period. NPP was steady between 1990 and 2000, and then increased greatly after 2000. Ecosystem services are interlinked closely and complexly. Correlation analyses indicated a positive relationship between the difference in sediment export and water yield (r(2)=0.776**) from 1975 to 2008, with negative correlations between the difference of NPP and water yield (r(2)=-0.422**)/sediment export (r(2)=-0.240*) from 1990 to 2008. This, to some extent, implies that there are tradeoffs between the services of water yield and sediment control/NPP, and there is synergy between sediment control and NPP. Climatic and land use changes are the major drivers on ecosystem services fluctuation. Correlation analyses showed that the decrease of precipitation significantly hindered water yield (r(2)=0.980**) and sediment export (r(2)=0.791**). The increase of temperature exerted a slight negative influence on water yield (r(2)=-0350**). A spatial concordance existing between the 'cropland to grass/woodland' area and the high sediment control (r(2)=0313**)/NPP (r(2)=0.488**) area indicated that the land use change from cropland to woodland/grassland significantly consolidated sediment control and NPP production. The observed spatio-temporal variation of ecosystem services and their correlations provide an operable criterion for land use management policies. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.