Evidence From Structural and Diffusion Tensor Imaging for Frontotemporal Deficits in Psychometric Schizotypy
Evidence From Structural and Diffusion Tensor Imaging for Frontotemporal Deficits in Psychometric Schizotypy
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DOI：
10.1093/schbul/sbt092
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Szeszko, Philip R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
DeRosse, Pamela;Nitzburg, George C.;Szeszko, Philip R.
背景：精神分裂症和双相情感障碍在现象学和神经生物学方面有共同之处，因此可能代表一种连续的疾病。很少有研究比较这些疾病中大脑的连通性或研究它们的功能相关性。研究方法：我们使用静息态功能磁共振成像来评估32名健康对照者、19名双相情感障碍患者和18名精神分裂症患者的整体和区域连接。患者还接受了全面的神经心理学和临床评估。我们计算了大脑中266个感兴趣区域之间的相关矩阵，主要的相关度量是每个区域与其他区域的整体连接强度。结果如下：与健康对照组相比，精神分裂症患者的全局连接性显著降低，而双相情感障碍患者的全局连接性介于精神分裂症患者和健康对照组之间，且与精神分裂症患者和健康对照组有显著差异。事后分析显示，与健康对照组相比，两组患者的扣带回旁和右侧丘脑的连接性明显降低。与健康对照组相比，精神分裂症患者的颞枕梭状皮质、左侧尾状核和左侧丘脑的连通性也显著降低。这些地区的患者组之间无显著差异。所有患者的整体连接性较低与神经心理学和临床功能较差相关，但这些影响并不特定于任何患者组。结论：这些发现与以下假设是一致的，即精神分裂症和双相情感障碍可能代表了一个连续的全球断开在大脑中，但区域功能的特异性可能并不明显。然而，很少有研究使用结构和扩散张量成像（DTI）来检测心理测量学人格类型的神经相关性。从社区招募18至68岁的健康志愿者，使用分裂型人格问卷进行评估，并接受结构和DTI检查。比较了高（N = 67）和低（N = 71）心理测量学类型的参与者的灰色和白色物质体积，额叶和颞叶区域的皮质厚度以及各向异性分数（FA）高水平的脑型与额叶和颞叶的灰质总体积较低以及额叶和颞叶的灰质总体积较低相关。颞叶的物质厚度区域特异性效应在额中皮质吻侧的白色物质和灰质体积以及眶部的灰质体积中均很明显。此外，相对于得分低的人，在额枕下束的FA值较低，不对称性也较大（右>左）这些发现与最近关于心理测量学典型性的神经生物学相关性的数据以及典型性人格障碍和精神分裂症的研究结果基本一致，并表明额颞叶功能障碍可能代表了一种神经系统疾病。精神病表型的核心组成部分。
Background: Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder share aspects of phenomenology and neurobiology and thus may represent a continuum of disease. Few studies have compared connectivity across the brain in these disorders or investigated their functional correlates. Methods: We used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate global and regional connectivity in 32 healthy controls, 19 patients with bipolar disorder, and 18 schizophrenia patients. Patients also received comprehensive neuropsychological and clinical assessments. We computed correlation matrices among 266 regions of interest within the brain, with the primary dependent measure being overall global connectivity strength of each region with every other region. Results: Patients with schizophrenia had significantly lower global connectivity compared with healthy controls, whereas patients with bipolar disorder had global connectivity intermediate to and significantly different from those of patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Post hoc analyses revealed that compared with healthy controls, both patient groups had significantly lower connectivity in the paracingulate gyrus and right thalamus. Patients with schizophrenia also had significantly lower connectivity in the temporal occipital fusiform cortex, left caudate nucleus, and left thalamus compared with healthy controls. There were no significant differences among the patient groups in any of these regions. Lower global connectivity among all patients was associated with worse neuropsychological and clinical functioning, but these effects were not specific to any patient group. Conclusions: These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that schizophrenia and bipolar disorder may represent a continuum of global disconnectivity in the brain but that regional functional specificity may not be evident.Previous studies of nonclinical samples exhibiting schizotypal traits have provided support for the existence of a continuous distribution of psychotic symptoms in the general population. Few studies, however, have examined the neural correlates of psychometric schizotypy using structural and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).Healthy volunteers between the ages of 18 and 68 were recruited from the community and assessed using the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire and received structural and DTI exams. Participants with high (N = 67) and low (N = 71) psychometric schizotypy were compared on gray and white matter volume, and cortical thickness in frontal and temporal lobe regions and on fractional anisotropy (FA) within 5 association tracts traversing the frontal and temporal lobes.Higher levels of schizotypy were associated with lower overall volumes of gray matter in both the frontal and temporal lobes and lower gray matter thickness in the temporal lobe. Regionally specific effects were evident in both white matter and gray matter volume of the rostral middle frontal cortex and gray matter volume in the pars orbitalis. Moreover, relative to individuals who scored low, those who scored high in schizotypy had lower FA in the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus as well as greater asymmetry (right > left) in the uncinate fasciculus.These findings are broadly consistent with recent data on the neurobiological correlates of psychometric schizotypy as well as findings in schizotypal personality disorder and schizophrenia and suggest that frontotemporal lobe dysfunction may represent a core component of the psychosis phenotype.