Phages and their application against drug-resistant bacteria
Phages and their application against drug-resistant bacteria
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DOI：
10.1002/jctb.438
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发表时间：
2001-07-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Barrow, PA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chanishvili, N;Chanishvili, T;Barrow, PA
世纪初，Twort和d'Herelle独立发现了细菌自发溶解现象。尽管当时d 'Herelle建议这些药物可以用于控制西方的细菌性疾病，但这种想法只是以一种偶然的方式进行了探索，最终由于抗生素的广泛使用而被放弃。然而，自那时以来，噬菌体疗法已广泛应用于前苏联国家。这项工作的核心是位于格鲁吉亚第比利斯的埃利亚瓦噬菌体、微生物学和病毒学研究所，该研究所是在德赫雷勒和格鲁吉亚人乔治·埃利亚瓦的共同努力下于1923年成立的。具有讽刺意味的是，由于他对苏联公共卫生的贡献，Eliava在1937年被贴上了人民公敌的标签并被处决。德雷勒再也没有回到格鲁吉亚。尽管发生了这些悲惨的事件，该研究所仍然是世界上噬菌体治疗的焦点，尽管在这一领域持续活跃了75年，但现在仍在为其财务生活而奋斗。在Eliava研究所，寻找与苏联不同地区疾病爆发有关的细菌病原体，并将其发送给全国各地的医院使用。虽然由各种细菌病原体引起的感染已经得到治疗，但其中大部分都是用俄语发表的，在西方并不容易获得。波兰也开展了多年的工作，最近才以英文出版。相比之下，对西方的兴趣仅限于少数爱好者和学者，直到最近才表现出兴趣。医学和科学界现在开始注意到的主要原因是，世界范围内耐多种抗生素细菌病原体的发病率持续上升，并且缺乏有效的控制手段。最近对Eliava研究所工作的宣传使西方世界的注意力集中在噬菌体提供的传染病控制潜力上，这是一种比抗生素使用更能被生物学接受的程序，并且已经使用了几十年。(C)2001年，化学工业协会。
At the beginning of the 20th century the phenomenon of spontaneous bacterial lysis was discovered independently by Twort and d'Herelle. Despite the suggestion at that time by d'Herelle that these agents might be applied to the control of bacterial diseases in the west this idea was explored in a desultory fashion only and was eventually discarded largely due to the advent of extensive antibiotic usage. However, interest was maintained in countries of the former Soviet Union where bacteriophage therapy has been applied extensively since that time. Central to, this work was the Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage, Microbiology and Virology in Tbilisi, Georgia, which was founded in 1923 through the joint efforts of d'Herelle and the Georgian George Eliava. Ironically, given his contributions to public health in the Soviet Union, Eliava was branded as an enemy of the people in 1937 and executed. d'Herelle never again returned to Georgia. In spite of these tragic events this institute remained the focus for phage therapy in the world and despite being continuously active in this field for 75 years, now struggles for its financial life. In the Eliava Institute, phages were sought for bacterial pathogens implicated in disease outbreaks in different parts of the Soviet Union and were dispatched for use in hospitals throughout the country. Although infections caused by a wide variety of bacterial pathogens have been treated, much of this has been published in Russian and is not readily available in the west. Work has also been carried out in Poland over many years and this has only recently been published in English. By contrast, interest in the west has been limited to a small number of enthusiasts and academics and until very recently little interest has been shown. The main reason that the medical and scientific communities are now beginning to take notice, is the continuing world-wide rise in the incidence of multiply-antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens and the absence of effective means for their control. Recent publicity over the work of the Eliava Institute has concentrated the minds of the western world on the potential for infectious disease control that bacteriophage offer, a procedure that is biologically more acceptable than antibiotic use and which has been in use for several decades already. (C) 2001 Society of Chemical Industry.