Transcranial magnetic stimulation reveals two functionally distinct stages of motor cortex involvement during perception of emotional body language.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation reveals two functionally distinct stages of motor cortex involvement during perception of emotional body language.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00429-014-0825-6
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发表时间：
2015-09
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Avenanti A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Borgomaneri S;Gazzola V;Avenanti A
研究表明，感知情感肢体语言会招募参与行动执行的额顶叶区域。然而，这种运动激活的性质尚不清楚。使用经颅磁刺激（TMS），我们提供了相关性和因果关系的证据，两个不同阶段的运动皮层参与情绪感知。参与者观察身体表情的图片，并将其分类为快乐，恐惧或中性，同时在图片开始后150和300 ms在左侧或右侧运动皮层接受TMS。在早期阶段（150 ms），我们观察到快乐和恐惧情绪体的兴奋性降低，这是右半球特有的，与参与者感受个人痛苦的倾向相关。当刺激右侧而不是左侧运动皮层时，这种对情绪体的“定向”抑制反应也会被分类准确性的普遍下降所抵消。相反，在300毫秒，更大的兴奋性，消极的，积极的和中性的运动被发现在两个半球。这后来的运动促进与参与者的倾向，承担他人的心理观点，并反映了模拟的运动暗示在中性和情绪化的身体表达。这些发现强调了运动系统在感知情绪体时的参与。他们认为，对情感线索的快速定向反应（反映视觉感知所需的神经处理）发生在所观察到的情感表达的运动特征在运动系统中模拟之前，并且不同的同理心倾向影响这两种神经运动现象。具身模拟理论的影响进行了讨论。本文的在线版本（doi：10.1007/s 00429 -014-0825-6）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
Studies indicate that perceiving emotional body language recruits fronto-parietal regions involved in action execution. However, the nature of such motor activation is unclear. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) we provide correlational and causative evidence of two distinct stages of motor cortex engagement during emotion perception. Participants observed pictures of body expressions and categorized them as happy, fearful or neutral while receiving TMS over the left or right motor cortex at 150 and 300 ms after picture onset. In the early phase (150 ms), we observed a reduction of excitability for happy and fearful emotional bodies that was specific to the right hemisphere and correlated with participants’ disposition to feel personal distress. This ‘orienting’ inhibitory response to emotional bodies was also paralleled by a general drop in categorization accuracy when stimulating the right but not the left motor cortex. Conversely, at 300 ms, greater excitability for negative, positive and neutral movements was found in both hemispheres. This later motor facilitation marginally correlated with participants’ tendency to assume the psychological perspectives of others and reflected simulation of the movement implied in the neutral and emotional body expressions. These findings highlight the motor system’s involvement during perception of emotional bodies. They suggest that fast orienting reactions to emotional cues—reflecting neural processing necessary for visual perception—occur before motor features of the observed emotional expression are simulated in the motor system and that distinct empathic dispositions influence these two neural motor phenomena. Implications for theories of embodied simulation are discussed. The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00429-014-0825-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.