The Role of Bone Marrow Stem Cells in Liver Regeneration
The Role of Bone Marrow Stem Cells in Liver Regeneration
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DOI：
10.1055/s-2004-815560
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发表时间：
2003-11
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
M. Grompe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Grompe
参与某些形式的肝再生的肝卵圆细胞表达许多标记，在造血干细胞(HSCs)上也发现。此外，多项独立报道表明，骨髓细胞可分化为多种类型的肝上皮细胞，包括卵圆细胞、肝细胞和导管上皮细胞。这些观察结果导致了一种假设，即骨髓驻留干细胞，特别是HSCs，是肝上皮细胞替代的重要来源，特别是在慢性损伤期间。这类干细胞在肝损伤反应中的作用是本文的主题。综上所述，已发表的关于骨髓干细胞在肝损伤中的作用的数据表明，在任何已知形式的肝损伤中，它们在替换上皮细胞方面并没有发挥显著的生理作用。功能齐全的骨髓源性肝细胞是存在的，但极其罕见，是由细胞融合而不是干细胞分化产生的。尽管如此，骨髓来源的细胞可能在肝脏再生中起着重要的间接作用。首先，它们可能是内皮细胞替代的来源。其次，造血细胞，包括淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞、巨噬细胞和血小板，可能提供有效修复受损肝脏所需的关键因素。
Hepatic oval cells involved in some forms of liver regeneration express many markers also found on hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). In addition, multiple independent reports have demonstrated that bone marrow cells can give rise to several hepatic epithelial cell types, including oval cells, hepatocytes, and duct epithelium. These observations have resulted in the hypothesis that bone marrow resident stem cells, specifically HSCs, are an important source for liver epithelial cell replacement, particularly during chronic injury. The function of such stem cells in hepatic injury responses is the topic of this article. Taken together, the published data on the role of bone marrow stem cells in liver damage suggest that they do not play a significant physiological role in the replacement of epithelial cells in any known form of hepatic injury. Fully functional bone marrow-derived hepatocytes exist but are extremely rare and are generated by cell fusion, not stem cell differentiation. Nonetheless, bone marrow-derived cells may play important indirect roles in liver regeneration. First, they may serve as a source for the replacement of endothelial cells. Second, hematopoietic cells, including lymphocytes, neutrophils, macrophages, and platelets, may provide crucial factors required for efficient healing of damaged liver.