DEVELOPMENTAL MORPHOLOGY IN DIANTHUS .1. STRUCTURE OF THE PISTIL AND SEED DEVELOPMENT
DEVELOPMENTAL MORPHOLOGY IN DIANTHUS .1. STRUCTURE OF THE PISTIL AND SEED DEVELOPMENT
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DOI：
10.2307/2438359
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发表时间：
1952-01-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
BUELL, KM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BUELL, KM
D. chinensis由2个心皮和2个花柱组成，心皮融合，中央胎座离生。游离中央胎座由子房室隔膜与子房壁的侧部和顶端分离而产生。在胚珠发育过程中形成一个巨大的珠心。下皮层孢原细胞产生大孢子母细胞和壁细胞，壁细胞对珠心的生长有贡献。减数分裂产生一排4个大孢子，合点端大孢子发育为正常型的7细胞胚囊。大花粉管的生长是胞间生长和内向生长。受精发生在24小时左右。授粉后。胚的发育为香石竹型，但胚柄的基细胞由1个变为2个。下胚轴的原维管圆筒在球形胚阶段被界定;胚根分生组织的模式在子叶原基阶段的胚中是不同的。胚柄的基细胞和花粉管一直持续到鱼雷形胚早期。胚乳最初是游离核，但后来完全变成细胞状。珠心中的细胞数量增加，直到胚达到球形阶段，这时外胚乳淀粉存款开始积累。在此之后，胚珠大小的增加主要是由于细胞的差异增大。由珠心发育而来的巨大外胚乳主要位于种子的翅上。产生大量角质化的种皮。
The pistil of D. chinensis consists of 2 fused carpels with a free central placenta, and 2 styles. The free central placenta arises by the separation of the locule septum from the lateral and apical protions of the ovary wall. A massive nucellus is formed during ovule development. The hypodermal archesporial cell produces a megaspore mother cell and a parietal cell which contributes to the growth of the nucellus. Meiosis results in a row of 4 megaspores; the chalazal megaspore develops into a 7-celled embryo sac of the Normal type. The growth of the large pollen tube is intercellular and endotropic. Fertilization occurs about 24 hrs. after pollination. The development of the embryo follows the Caryophyllad type except that there are 2 large basal cells in the suspensor instead of 1. The provascular cylinder of the hypocotyl is delimited in the sphrical embryo stage; the pattern of the radicle meristem is distinct in embryos of the cotyledon primordium stage. The pollen tube and basal cells of the suspensor persist until the early torpedo-shaped embryo stage. The endosperm is at first free nuclear, but later becomes completely cellular. The number of cells in the nucellus increases until the embryos reach the spherical stage when the perisperm starch deposit begins to accumulate. After this time an increase in size of the ovule is due principally to differential cell enlargement. The massive perisperm derived from the nucellus is located chiefly in the wings of the seed. A heavily cutinized seed coat is produced.