COGNITION AND THE BASAL GANGLIA
COGNITION AND THE BASAL GANGLIA
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认知和基底神经节
DOI：
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发表时间：
1984
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
F. J. Friedrich
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Rafal;John A. Walker;M. Posner;F. J. Friedrich
皮层下痴呆概念的核心是暗示，反应延迟的增加是由于思维过程的减慢，而反应延迟是区分这种综合征的标志。术语“智力迟钝”已被应用于帕金森氏病中的这种假定的思维减慢，并且暗示（1）增加的反应迟缓不是严格的运动性的，而是由于减慢的信息处理，以及（2）精神减慢类似于在运动域中观察到的运动迟缓，因此，归因于多巴能基底神经节机制的功能障碍。目前的研究试图通过寻找帕金森氏症患者的思维减慢来验证这种智力迟钝的定义，帕金森氏症患者的思维减慢可能与运动迟缓直接相关。在三个实验中研究了6名帕金森病患者，这些实验允许将特定认知操作的速度与运动反应的速度分开。作为他们自己的对照，他们在帕金森病的“关闭”状态和运动迟缓通过药物治疗得到缓解时进行了测试。另外四名新诊断的帕金森病患者在使用左旋多巴/卡比多巴成功治疗之前和之后进行了研究。第一个实验测量了记忆扫描的速度，第二个实验检查了注意力在视野中的定位，第三个实验测量了准备一个手动动作所需的时间。结果表明，当患者处于未治疗状态时，总体反应时间增加，但没有伴随纯认知成分的减慢。帕金森病患者经常报告的思维减慢并不一定伴随运动迟缓，因此可能与多巴胺能功能障碍无关。这些发现强调，在皮质下疾病中，从增加的反应延迟推断思维减慢时需要谨慎。
Central to the concept of subcortical demenlia is the implication that the increased response latencies, which distinguish the syndrome, are due to a slowing of thought processes. The term ‘bradyphrenia’ has been applied to this presumed slowing of thought in Parkinson's disease and implies (1) that increased response latencies are not strictly motoric but are due to slowed information processing, and (2) that the mental slowing is analogous to the bradykinesia observed in the motor domain and, hence, attributable to dysfunction of doparninergic basal ganglia mechanisms. The current study attempts to validate this definition of bradyphrenia by seeking a slowing of thought in Parkinson's disease which can be linked directly to bradykinesia. Six parkinsonian patients with end-of-dose akinesia were studied in three experiments which allowed separation of the speed of specific cognitive operations from the speed of motor responses. Serving as their own controls, the were tested both during the parkinsonian ‘off’ state, and when bradykinesia was alleviated by drug therapy. Four additional patients with newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease were sludied before and following successful treatment with L-DOPA/carbidopa. The first experiment measured the rate of memory seanning, the second examined orientating of attention in the visual fields, and the third measured the time required to prepare a manual movement. The results show that overall reaction time increased when patients were in the untreated state, but without a concomitant slowing of purely cognitive components. The slowing of thought often reported in Parkinson's disease does not necessarily accompany bradykinesia and thus may not be related to dopaminergic dysfunction. These findings emphasize the need for caution in inferring a slowing of thought from increased response latencies in subcortical disorders.