Anatomy and physiology of genital organs - men.
Anatomy and physiology of genital organs - men.
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DOI：
10.1016/b978-0-444-63247-0.00003-1
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Giuliano, Francois
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clement, Pierre;Giuliano, Francois
男性的性功能涉及生殖器中的许多器官和结构，这些器官和结构的作用是产生受精配子并允许女性伴侣授精。睾丸在合成精子和雄激素的过程中属于生殖和内分泌系统，受到下丘脑垂体轴的精细调节。性反应是由大脑、脊髓和相关外周器官的多个组成部分的躯体和自主神经系统复杂而协调的相互作用控制的。勃起的身体是阴茎的基本元素，阴茎充血会导致阴茎肿胀。血液充血是由于勃起组织的平滑肌细胞和阴茎动脉内皮细胞的松弛。当坐骨海绵体肌肉收缩时，阴茎获得额外的刚性。来自外周和/或中央来源的刺激激活特定的脊髓核，导致阴茎勃起。射精包括两个阶段，即排出和排出，分别对应于性腺分泌不同成分的精液和由于球脊肌有节奏的收缩而强制排出精液。射精的脊椎生成器整合生殖器刺激和性暗示，当达到兴奋阈值时，通过协调控制射精外围事件的自主神经和躯体通路的激活来触发射精。
Male sexual functions involve a number of organs and structures in genitalia whose role is to produce fertilizing gametes and to allow female-partner insemination. The testes belong to the reproductive and endocrine systems as they synthesize spermatozoa and androgens, and are under finely regulated hormonal control by the hypothalamopituitary axis. Sexual responses are controlled by a complex and coordinated interplay of both the somatic and the autonomic nervous system in multiple components of the brain, spinal cord, and relevant peripheral organs. Erectile bodies are an essential element of the penis and engorgement of the penis with blood leads to penile tumescence. Blood engorgement is due to relaxation of smooth-muscle cells of erectile tissue and endothelium of the penile arteries. The penis gains additional rigidity when the ischiocavernosus muscles contract. Stimuli from peripheral and/or central origins activate particular spinal nuclei, causing penile erection. Ejaculation consists of two phases, emission and expulsion, which correspond, respectively, to secretion of the different components of the semen by sex glands and forceful expulsion of semen due to rhythmic contractions of the bulbospongiosus muscle. A spinal generator of ejaculation integrates genital stimuli and sexual cues and, when the excitatory threshold is reached, triggers ejaculation by orchestrating the activation of autonomic and somatic pathways commanding the peripheral events of ejaculation.