A VIEW OF INTERPHASE CHROMOSOMES
A VIEW OF INTERPHASE CHROMOSOMES
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DOI：
10.1126/science.2274784
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发表时间：
1990-12-14
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
MANUELIDIS, L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
MANUELIDIS, L
中期染色体在间期发生动态修饰。本文就这些结构的改变进行综述，并探讨这些改变的功能机制和意义。目前的基因分析往往集中在相对较短的DNA片段，并考虑染色质构象，纳入只有几个DNA内切酶。然而，在间期核中，有序的转录和复制可能涉及高度折叠的染色体结构域，其中含有数百个DNA的折叠酶。特定的“垃圾”DNA序列在选定的染色体结构域可能参与更复杂的水平的染色体折叠，并可能索引不同的遗传区室有序转录和复制。细胞核内的三维染色体位置也可能有助于表型表达。整个染色体在细胞核中保持为离散的、相当紧凑的实体，并且数千个染色体酶的异染色质卷曲结构域可以在分化的细胞类型中获得独特的三维位置。肿瘤的某些方面可能与染色体结构在几个更高层次的组织中的改变有关。
Metaphase chromosomes are dynamically modified in interphase. This review focuses on how these structures can be modified, and explores the functional mechanisms and significance of these changes. Current analyses of genes often focus on relatively short stretches of DNA and consider chromatin conformations that incorporate only a few kilobases of DNA. In interphase nuclei, however, orderly transcription and replications can involve highly folded chromosomal domains containing hundreds of kilobases of DNA. Specific "junk" DNA sequences within selected chromosome domains may participate in more complex levels of chromosome folding, and may index different genetic compartments for orderly transcription and replication. Three-dimensional chromosome positions within the nucleus may also contribute to phenotypic expression. Entire chromosomes are maintained as discrete, reasonably compact entities in the nucleus, and heterochromatic coiled domains of several thousand kilobases can acquire unique three-dimensional positions in differentiated cell types. Some aspects of neoplasia may relate to alterations in chromosome structure at several higher levels of organization.