Internalization of Salmonella enterica in Leaves Is Induced by Light and Involves Chemotaxis and Penetration through Open Stomata
Internalization of Salmonella enterica in Leaves Is Induced by Light and Involves Chemotaxis and Penetration through Open Stomata
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DOI：
10.1128/aem.01084-09
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发表时间：
2009-10-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Sela, Shlomo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kroupitski, Yulia;Golberg, Dana;Sela, Shlomo
与新鲜农产品消费相关的沙门氏菌病的爆发引起了人们对沙门氏菌-植物相互作用导致植物定殖的兴趣。将gfp标记的肠道沙门氏菌与卷心莴苣叶在光照下孵育，导致细菌在开放的气孔附近聚集并侵入叶内组织。相反，在黑暗中孵育导致分散的附着模式和非常差的气孔内化。迫使气孔开放在黑暗中的fusicoccin沙门氏菌的内化没有显着的影响。这些结果表明，病原体被吸引到从头产生的光合活性细胞的营养物质。事实上，影响沙门氏菌运动性和趋化性的突变显著抑制了细菌内化。这些研究结果表明，沙门氏菌进入植物的质外体的机械帐户，并意味着无论是沙门氏菌抗原没有很好地认识到由气孔为基础的先天免疫或这种病原体已经演变的手段来逃避it. Internalization叶可能提供一个部分的解释消毒剂的失败，有效地消除食源性病原体在绿叶蔬菜。
Outbreaks of salmonellosis related to consumption of fresh produce have raised interest in Salmonella-plant interactions leading to plant colonization. Incubation of gfp-tagged Salmonella enterica with iceberg lettuce leaves in the light resulted in aggregation of bacteria near open stomata and invasion into the inner leaf tissue. In contrast, incubation in the dark resulted in a scattered attachment pattern and very poor stomatal internalization. Forcing stomatal opening in the dark by fusicoccin had no significant effect on Salmonella internalization. These results imply that the pathogen is attracted to nutrients produced de novo by photo-synthetically active cells. Indeed, mutations affecting Salmonella motility and chemotaxis significantly inhibited bacterial internalization. These findings suggest a mechanistic account for entry of Salmonella into the plant's apoplast and imply that either Salmonella antigens are not well recognized by the stoma-based innate immunity or that this pathogen has evolved means to evade it. Internalization of leaves may provide a partial explanation for the failure of sanitizers to efficiently eradicate food-borne pathogens in leafy greens.