Application of Blended Controlled-Release and Normal Urea with Suitable Maize Varieties to Achieve Integrated Agronomic and Environmental Impact in a High-Yielding Summer Maize System
Application of Blended Controlled-Release and Normal Urea with Suitable Maize Varieties to Achieve Integrated Agronomic and Environmental Impact in a High-Yielding Summer Maize System
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DOI：
10.3390/agriculture12081247
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发表时间：
2022-08
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Mengjin Ma;Huan Li;Dongliang Yan;Yihan Zhang;Miaomiao Song;Yongchao Wang;Hao Wang;R. Shao-R.-Sha
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mengjin Ma;Huan Li;Dongliang Yan;Yihan Zhang;Miaomiao Song;Yongchao Wang;Hao Wang;R. Shao-R.-Sha
控释尿素与普通尿素配施能有效提高夏玉米产量和氮肥利用率。然而，基于生命周期评价（LCA）的环境影响和生态系统的经济效益与不同的玉米品种和比例的CRU和尿素还不清楚。在我们的研究中，在华北平原（NCP）设计了连续两年的田间试验，使用两种氮（N）水平（0和180 kg N ha−1），四种氮源（尿素-N，CRU-N：尿素-N = 1：2，CRU-N：尿素-N = 2：1和CRU-N），以及两种玉米品种（ZD 958和YH 988），2019年和2020年。结果表明，一次性施用氮肥N180 C2（CRU-N：Urea-N = 2：1）和氮肥N180 C1（CRU-N：Urea-N = 1：2）可使ZD 958和YH 988的籽粒产量分别达到11.0-13.5 Mg ha−1和11.3-13.2 Mg ha−1。与N180 U处理相比，N180 C2处理减少了氮素淋失（−34.6%），氨挥发（−17.1%）和一氧化二氮排放量品种ZD 958的氮素损失率为-42.0%，而处理N180 C1通过氮素淋失减少了活性氮的损失YH 988的氨挥发量（-20.3%）、氨挥发量（-13.2%）和氧化亚氮排放量（-24.2%）。对于ZD 958和YH 988，N180 C2和N180 C1处理分别实现了最低的C足迹（267.4和267.9 kg CO2 eq Mg−1）。此外，N180 C2和N180 C1对ZD 958和YH 988的生态系统经济效益最高，分别为831和1101 $ ha-1。因此，控释尿素与标准尿素在适宜的施氮量下混配施用，不仅可以获得较高的粮食产量，还可以在减轻环境影响的同时，提高生态经济效益。总之，在夏玉米高产体系中，采用正确的CRU-N管理措施和适宜的遗传品种是实现可持续和环境友好型玉米生产的有效途径。
The use of blended controlled-release urea (CRU) with normal urea has appeared to effectively improve grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in summer maize systems. Nevertheless, the environmental impacts based on a life cycle assessment (LCA) and the ecosystem economic benefits with different maize varieties and ratios of CRU and urea remain unclear. In our study, a consecutive two-year field experiment was designed in the North China Plain (NCP) using two nitrogen (N) rates (0 and 180 kg N ha−1), four N resources (urea-N, CRU-N:urea-N = 1:2, CRU-N:urea-N = 2:1 and CRU-N), and two maize varieties (ZD958 and YH988) in 2019 and 2020. The results showed that a once-off application of basal fertilizer in N180C2 (CRU-N:urea-N = 2:1) and N180C1 (CRU-N:urea-N = 1:2) achieved high grain yields in ZD958 and YH988 (11.0–13.5 Mg ha−1 and 11.3–13.2 Mg ha−1), respectively. Compared to treatment N180U, treatment N180C2 reduced reactive N losses through N leaching (−34.6%), ammonia volatilization (−17.1%), and nitrous oxide emissions (−42.0%) in variety ZD958, whereas treatment N180C1 reduced reactive N losses through N leaching (−20.3%), ammonia volatilization (−13.2%), and nitrous oxide emission (−24.2%) in variety YH988. The N180C2 and N180C1 treatments achieved the lowest C footprint (267.4 and 267.9 kg CO2 eq Mg−1) for ZD958 and YH988, respectively. Furthermore, N180C2 and N180C1 achieved the highest ecosystem economic benefits for ZD958 and YH988 of 831 and 1101 $ ha−1, respectively. In summary, the application of the mixture of controlled release urea and standard urea at appropriate N rates not only achieved a high grain yield but also enhanced the ecological economic benefits while mitigating the negative environmental impacts. To sum up, using the correct CRU-N management practices coordinated with suitable genetic varieties is an effective way of achieving sustainable and environmentally friendly maize production in a high-yielding summer maize system.