Temperature, demography, and ectotherm fitness
Temperature, demography, and ectotherm fitness
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DOI：
10.1086/321314
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发表时间：
2001-08-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Berrigan, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Huey, RB;Berrigan, D
温度对植物、无脊椎动物和低等脊椎动物等外温动物有深远的影响（Hochachka和索梅罗，1984年; Cossins和Bowler，1987年）。温度的影响通常以“热性能曲线”的形式来描述，该曲线将性能绘制为体温的函数（Huey和史蒂文森，1979年）。通常情况下，随着温度的升高，性能逐渐提高，达到最大或最佳水平，但当温度接近破坏水平和致死上限时，性能急剧下降。温度对外温动物达尔文适应度的影响可以类似地描述。然而，首先必须选择一个适当的适应性度量（Stearns 1982）。有几种测量方法可用（Tuljupurkar 1990;罗夫1992; Stearns 1992; Carey 1993; Kozlowski 1993; Charlesworth 1994），但r（“内在增长率”;见“材料和方法”）和Ro（“净繁殖率”;见“材料和方法”）是迄今为止最常用的两种。内禀增长率是封闭种群中的种群增长率，假设死亡和生殖的年龄特定时间表不变，年龄分布稳定，而净生殖率是女性一生中生育的女性后代的平均数量，同样假设死亡和生殖的年龄特定时间表不变（Carey 1993）。这两种方法都估计种群增长率，但r是按时间缩放的，而Ro是按每代缩放的，与时间无关。然而，令人惊讶的是，
Temperature has profound effects on ectotherms such as plants, invertebrates, and lower vertebrates (Hochachka and Somero 1984; Cossins and Bowler 1987). The impact of temperature is often depicted graphically as a “thermal performance curve,” which plots performance as a function of body temperature (Huey and Stevenson 1979). Typically, performance increases gradually with temperature up to some maximal or optimal level but then declines precipitously as temperature approaches damaging levels and upper lethal limits.The impact of temperature on Darwinian fitness of ectotherms can be depicted similarly. However, one must first choose an appropriate measure of fitness (Stearns 1982). Several measures are available (Tuljupurkar 1990; Roff 1992; Stearns 1992; Carey 1993; Kozlowski 1993; Charlesworth 1994), but r (“intrinsic rate of increase”; see “Material and Methods”) and Ro (“net reproductive rate”; see “Material and Methods”) are by far the two most commonly used ones. The intrinsic rate of increase is the rate of population increase in a closed population, assuming constant age-specific schedules of death and reproduction and a stable age distribution, whereas the net reproductive rate is the average number of female offspring born to a female over her lifetime, again assuming constant agespecific schedules of death and reproduction (Carey 1993). Both measures estimate population growth rates, but r is scaled to time, whereas Ro is scaled per generation and is independent of time. Surprisingly, however, whether these