The relative importance of climate and habitat in determining the distributions of species at different spatial scales: a case study with ground beetles in Great Britain
The relative importance of climate and habitat in determining the distributions of species at different spatial scales: a case study with ground beetles in Great Britain
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1600-0587.2011.07434.x
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发表时间：
2012-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Thomas, Chris D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gillingham, Phillipa K.;Palmer, Stephen C. F.;Thomas, Chris D.
实验研究表明，许多物种对不同的气候条件表现出偏好，或者可能在不合适的条件下死亡。近年来，气候包络模型被广泛用于大空间尺度上物种的存在和缺失。然而，许多作者假设物种在较小空间尺度上的分布是由生境可利用性和生物相互作用等因素决定的。气候效应通常被建模者认为在精细分辨率下是不重要的，但很少有研究真正验证了这一点。采用诱捕法和全国范围内的监测数据，对3个研究点的20种甲科甲虫分布进行了采样。建立了统计模型，以确定两组环境变量（温度或广泛的栖息地类型）中哪一组最能解释三个站点和国家（英国）尺度上的观测数据。高分辨率温度变量在模拟三个研究地点的局部尺度物种分布时，通常比栖息地特征产生更好的模型（由AIC确定）。相反，在描述大不列颠的物种分布时，栖息地总是比温度更好的预测器。北风种最可能出现在低温微站点，而南风种最可能出现在温暖微站点。小气候的影响并不局限于其分布边缘的物种，因此，在进行气候包络模型时，理想地应使用高分辨率温度表面。
Experimental studies have shown that many species show preferences for different climatic conditions, or may die in unsuitable conditions. Climate envelope models have been used frequently in recent years to predict the presence and absence of species at large spatial scales. However, many authors have postulated that the distributions of species at smaller spatial scales are determined by factors such as habitat availability and biotic interactions. Climatic effects are often assumed by modellers to be unimportant at fine resolutions, but few studies have actually tested this. We sampled the distributions of 20 beetle species of the family Carabidae across three study sites by pitfall trapping, and at the national scale from monitoring data. Statistical models were constructed to determine which of two sets of environmental variables (temperature or broad habitat type) best accounted for the observed data at the three sites and at the national (Great Britain) scale. High-resolution temperature variables frequently produced better models (as determined by AIC) than habitat features when modelling the distributions of species at a local scale, within the three study sites. Conversely, habitat was always a better predictor than temperature when describing species distributions at a coarse scale within Great Britain. Northerly species were most likely to occur in cool micro-sites within the study sites, whereas southerly species were most likely to occur in warm micro-sites. Effects of microclimate were not limited to species at the edges of their distribution, and fine-resolution temperature surfaces should therefore ideally be utilised when undertaking climate-envelope modelling.