Social information, conformity and the opportunity costs paid by foraging fish
Social information, conformity and the opportunity costs paid by foraging fish
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社会信息、从众性和觅食鱼类所付出的机会成本
DOI：
10.1007/s00265-012-1328-1
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
K. Laland
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Webster;K. Laland
动物在追求几个相互排斥的行动过程中的一个时会支付机会成本。我们量化的机会成本符合其他人的行为在觅食刺鱼（Pungitius pungitius），使用竞技场中，他们被赋予的选择浅滩在一个地区或寻找食物在另一个。在没有刺激同种觅食的鱼发现猎物补丁更快，花更长的时间利用它比那些在试验中的刺激浅滩。此外，在试验中，刺激鱼群表现出进食的线索，受试者更快地接近他们，花更多的时间与他们浅滩，探索较少的竞技场比试验中，刺激鱼群没有表现出这样的线索。这意味着不仅对同类的存在敏感，而且对它们产生的社会信息也敏感。我们还看到，组的焦点鱼，相比单一的个人，受刺激浅滩和探索更多的竞技场，可能是由于促进，竞争或两者兼而有之的行为。这样的机会成本很可能会被减少捕食风险等好处所抵消，我们将从与群体生活相关的权衡方面讨论这一点。
Animals pay opportunity costs when pursuing one of several mutually exclusive courses of action. We quantified the opportunity costs of conforming to the behaviour of others in foraging sticklebacks (Pungitius pungitius), using an arena in which they were given the option of shoaling in one area or searching for food in another. Fish foraging in the absence of stimulus conspecifics found the prey patch sooner and spent longer exploiting it than those in trials where a stimulus shoal was present. Furthermore, in trials where the stimulus shoal exhibited feeding cues, subjects approached them sooner and spent more time shoaling with them, exploring less of the arena than in trials where the stimulus shoal exhibited no such cues. This suggests sensitivity not only to the mere presence of conspecifics, but also to the social information that they produce. We also saw that groups of focal fish, compared to single individuals, were less influenced by the stimulus shoal and explored more of the arena, a behaviour that may be attributed to facilitation, competition or both. Such opportunity costs are likely to be offset by benefits such as reduced predation risk, and we discuss this in terms of the trade-offs associated with living in groups.