Evolutionarily Stable Reproductive Strategies in Sexual Organisms: IV. Parent-Offspring Conflict and Selection of Seed Size in Perennial Plants.
Evolutionarily Stable Reproductive Strategies in Sexual Organisms: IV. Parent-Offspring Conflict and Selection of Seed Size in Perennial Plants.
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有性生物的进化稳定生殖策略：IV。
DOI：
10.1006/jtbi.1997.0626
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发表时间：
1998
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Zhang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhang
在有性繁殖的生物体中，提供后代提供了一个表达父母和后代之间基因利益冲突的场所。虽然大多数现有的父母-后代冲突模型考虑的是父母每年养育一个后代的情况，但这篇论文关注的是一次产生许多种子的多年生植物。亲子冲突是在综合分析生殖分配、性别分配和对每个后代的资源投入的背景下进行研究的。在考虑了密度独立和密度依赖的种群增长的情况下，我推导了在母株控制和后代控制下资源分配的进化稳定策略（ESS）结果。在某种程度上，配子产出和资源投入之间的关系对两性都是线性的，在现代生活史理论中，对生殖努力、性别分配和后代大小数量妥协的单独处理是合理的，无论哪一方，父母还是后代，在冲突中获胜。在这种情况下，ESS性别分配正是在传统性别分配理论中发现的，并且ESS生殖努力在密度独立的种群中最大化人口增长率，或者在密度依赖的种群中在平均寿命中最大化分配给生殖的资源数量。与以往基于单子代案例分析的理论结论相比，发现在子代对个体子代分配的控制下，ESS的繁殖努力低于母亲控制时。之所以会出现这种矛盾的结果，是因为如果一个产生较少胚珠的母亲知道她的每一个种子后代将获得比她被选择提供的数量更多的资源，那么她就会过得更好。在密度独立和密度依赖的种群中，进化稳定的后代大小并不依赖于母亲的繁殖努力和投资独立的死亡率，正如传统的后代大小-数量权衡模型所预测的那样。学术出版社版权所有
The provisioning of offspring in sexually reproducing organisms provides an arena in which genetic conflict of interests between parents and their offspring may be expressed. While most existing models of parent-offspring-conflict consider the case of a parent that rears one offspring a year, this paper is concerned with perennial plants that produce many seeds at one time. Parent-offspring conflict is examined in the context of an integrated analysis of reproductive allocation, sex allocation, and the amount of resources invested in each offspring. I derive the evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) results for the allocation of resources when the mother plant is in control as well as when the offspring are in control taking into account both density-independent and density-dependent population growth. To the extent that the relationships between gamete output and resource investment are linear for both sex functions, the separate treatment of reproductive effort, sex allocation, and offspring size-number compromise in modern life-history theories is justified, regardless of which side, parents or offspring, wins the conflict. In such cases, the ESS sex allocation is exactly what is found in traditional sex allocation theory, and the ESS reproductive effort maximizes the rate of population growth in density-independent populations, or the amount of resources allocated to reproduction during an average lifespan in density-dependent populations. In contrast to the previous theoretical conclusions based on the analyses of single-offspring cases, the ESS reproductive effort under the offspring's control of allocation to individual offspring is found to be lower than that when mothers are in control. This paradoxical result occurs because a mother producing fewer ovules fares better if she knows that each of her seed offspring will get more resources than the amount she is selected to give. The evolutionarily stable offspring size in both density-independent and density-dependent populations does not depend on mother's reproductive effort and investment-independent mortality, just as traditional models of offspring size-number trade-offs would predict.Copyright 1998 Academic Press Limited