Nut consumption and body weight
Nut consumption and body weight
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DOI：
10.1093/ajcn/78.3.647s
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发表时间：
2003-09-01
影响因子：
7.1
通讯作者：
Sabaté, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sabaté, J
经常食用坚果与较低的冠状动脉疾病（CAD）发病率相关。此外，富含坚果的饮食改善了饮食干预试验参与者的血脂水平。然而，坚果是脂肪食物，理论上经常食用它们可能会导致体重增加。由于肥胖是一个主要的公共卫生问题和CAD的危险因素，临床医生和政策制定者思考几个问题。建议高胆固醇血症患者食用坚果会增加体重吗？建议普通人群增加坚果消费以预防CAD是合理的公共卫生建议吗？流行病学研究表明，坚果消费频率和身体质量指数之间存在负相关。在控制良好的坚果喂养试验中，没有观察到体重的变化。一些对自由生活的受试者的研究表明，当受试者在坚果饮食中没有体重限制时，体重下降的趋势并不显著。在另一个证据中，初步数据表明，富含坚果的饮食的受试者在粪便中排出更多的脂肪。需要进一步研究坚果消费对能量平衡和体重的影响。与此同时，现有的累积数据并没有表明，自由生活的人在自我选择的饮食，包括坚果往往有较高的体重指数或体重增加的趋势。
Frequent nut consumption is associated with lower rates of coronary artery disease (CAD). Also, nut-rich diets improve the serum lipid profile of participants in dietary intervention trials. However, nuts are fatty foods, and in theory their regular consumption may lead to body weight gain. Because obesity is a major public health problem and a risk factor for CAD, clinicians and policy makers ponder several questions. Will hyper-cholesterolemic patients advised to consume nuts gain weight? Is recommending increased nut consumption to the general population for CAD prevention sound public health advice? Epidemiologic studies indicate an inverse association between frequency of nut consumption and body mass index. In well-controlled nut-feeding trials, no changes in body weight were observed. Some studies on free-living subjects in which no constraints on body weight are imposed show a nonsignificant tendency to lower weight while subjects are on the nut diets. In another line of evidence, preliminary data indicate that subjects on nut-rich diets excrete more fat in stools. Further research is needed to study the effects of nut consumption on energy balance and body weight. In the meantime, the available cumulative data do not indicate that free-living people on self-selected diets including nuts frequently have a higher body mass index or a tendency to gain weight.