EFFECT OF ANDROGEN ANALOGUE TREATMENT AND ANDROGEN WITHDRAWAL ON LACRIMAL GLAND INFLAMMATION IN A MOUSE MODEL (MRL/MP-IPR/IPR) OF SJOGREN'S SYNDROME
EFFECT OF ANDROGEN ANALOGUE TREATMENT AND ANDROGEN WITHDRAWAL ON LACRIMAL GLAND INFLAMMATION IN A MOUSE MODEL (MRL/MP-IPR/IPR) OF SJOGREN'S SYNDROME
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雄激素类似物治疗和雄激素撤除对干燥综合征小鼠模型 (MRL/MP-IPR/IPR) 泪腺炎症的影响
DOI：
10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.06.005
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发表时间：
1994
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. Sullivan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
F. J. Rocha;É. Sato;B. Sullivan;D. Sullivan
城市作为跨国行为体的相关性日益增强，因此需要使地方一级的战略环境规划与全球目标的实施保持一致。为了弥补这一差距，多年来出现了几个跨国城市网络。本文的重点是ICLEI，即全球地方政府可持续发展网络。该机构和其他城市中介机构通过协调、结盟、知识共享和聚合为城市提供支持，并在推进城市议程方面发挥重要作用。尽管它们的功能得到认可，但它们的具体作用和实践只在有限的范围内进行了探索。为了解决这一差距，我们首先运用角色理论对ICLEI的角色和活动进行了更深入的研究，其次讨论了ICLEI如何通过支持城市生物多样性将城市和全球舞台联系起来。我们断言ICLEI涵盖了广泛的角色和活动。通过我们的研究，我们确定了ICLEI履行的三种角色模式：知识角色（翻译者、教育者和整合者）、关系角色（连接者和调解者）和改变游戏规则的角色（开拓者和共同创造者）。ICLEI和其他跨国城市网络协调各层级的信息流和知识聚合，从而更有效地整合城市知识，推进城市生物多样性议程。
The increasing relevance of cities as transnational actors raises the need to align strategic environmental planning at local levels with the implementation of global goals. To bridge this gap, several transnational city networks have appeared over the years. This paper focuses on ICLEI, the global network of local governments for sustainability. This and other intermediary urban agents support cities through coordination, alignment, knowledge sharing and aggregation, and are instrumental in progressing urban agendas. Despite their recognised functions, their specific roles and practices have only been explored to a limited extend. We address this gap by first, having a closer look at the roles and activities of ICLEI applying role theory for the role conceptualisations and second, by discussing how it links cities and global arenas by supporting urban biodiversity. We assert that ICLEI covers a wide spectrum of roles and activities. With our research, we identified three role patterns that ICLEI fulfils: knowledge roles (translator, educator and integrator), relational roles (connector and mediator) and game-changing roles (path breaker and co-creator). ICLEI and other transnational city networks orchestrate information flows and knowledge aggregation across levels, resulting in more effective knowledge integration in cities and advancing agendas on urban biodiversity.