Neuroprotection by bioactive components in medicinal and food plant extracts
Neuroprotection by bioactive components in medicinal and food plant extracts
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DOI：
10.1016/j.mrrev.2003.06.017
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发表时间：
2003-11-01
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Jen, LS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aruoma, OI;Bahorun, T;Jen, LS
人脑的神经退行性疾病包括影响越来越多的人口的各种病症。其中一些是年龄依赖性的（例如阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病），一些是感染依赖性的，例如人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV/AIDS）。HIV/AIDS患者易受影响的脑区包括小脑的齿状核、中脑的红核、黑质（SN）、间脑的丘脑底核、丘脑束、前脑的苍白球和纹状体（或新纹状体，由尾状核和壳核组成）。这些区域的病变可能导致进行性痴呆，这与在阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病中观察到的相似。钙进入细胞质的浓度可以激活氧化酶，如磷脂酶A（2）和黄嘌呤氧化酶，消耗细胞的半胱氨酸和谷胱甘肽，导致线粒体释放自由基和细胞死亡。谷氨酸及其受体是神经元和胶质细胞界面的关键分子元件。饮食因素可以调节生理功能（包括大脑功能），从而提高人口的经济生产力作为健康的一个功能。对神经保护、氧化应激和免疫功能的分子机制有更深入的了解，将有助于确定饮食、营养/食品补充剂、药用植物和草药提取物的预防潜力。(C)2003 Elsevier B. V.保留所有权利。
Neurodegenerative diseases of the human brain comprise a variety of disorders that affect an increasing percentage of the population. Some of these are age dependent (e.g. Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases) and some are infection dependent, e.g. human immunodeficiency virus (HIV/AIDS). The vulnerable brain regions in HIV/AIDS individuals include the dentate nucleus in the cerebellum, the red nucleus, substantia nigra (SN) in the mid-brain, the subthalamic nucleus, thalamic fasciculus in the diencephalons, the globus pallidus and striatum (or neostriatum, which consists of caudate and putamen) in the forebrain. Lesion in these regions may lead to progressive dementia, which is similar to what is observed in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. The entry of calcium into the cytoplasm of cells at concentrations that can activate oxidative enzymes such as phospholipase A(2) and xanthine oxidase, deplete cells of cysteine and glutathione, cause mitochondrial release of free radicals and cell death. Glutamate and its receptors are key molecular elements at the interface between neurons and glia. Dietary factors can modulate physiological functions (including brain function) thereby increasing the economic productivity of a population as a function of health. A greater understanding of the molecular mechanisms of neuroprotection, oxidative stress and immune function will facilitate definition of the prophylactic potentials of diet, nutritional/food supplements, medicinal plants and herbal extracts. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.