The Flash Environmental Assessment Tool: worldwide first aid for chemical accidents response, pro action, prevention and preparedness.
The Flash Environmental Assessment Tool: worldwide first aid for chemical accidents response, pro action, prevention and preparedness.
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Flash 环境评估工具：全球化学品事故响应、主动行动、预防和准备的急救。
DOI：
10.1016/j.envint.2014.04.018
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
S. Hoffer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. Posthuma;E. Wahlstrom;R. Nijenhuis;Chris Dijkens;D. de Zwart;D. van de Meent;A. Hollander;E. Brand;H. D. Den Hollander;Johan van Middelaar;Sander van Dijk;E. F. Hall;S. Hoffer
联合国应对环境紧急情况的机制要求提供一个工具，以支持联合国灾害评估和协调（灾害评估和协调）小组的灾害评估和协调行动。当大量化学品排放直接或通过环境影响人类健康时，该工具应支持现场决策，并应适合于在世界各地具有挑战性的条件下优先考虑减少影响的管理方案。为了满足这一需求，开发了Flash环境评估工具（FEAT），本文描述了该工具的科学和实用基础和应用。FEAT包括一个印刷的决策框架和查找表，通过将化学品、接触途径和脆弱性的科学数据与应急现场小组的实际需要相结合而产生。该工具的应用产生的信息有助于确定减少影响措施的优先次序。第一年的使用表明了该工具的有用性，并提出了其他用途和改进建议。另一个用途是应用后台工具（危险识别工具），其结果有助于受影响国家当局的决策，并帮助外地工作队为现场部署做好准备。另一个额外的用途是在灾害预防和预防。在这种情况下，该工具的应用支持安全的土地使用规划和改进化学设施的技术设计。灾害评估和协调小组接受了在发生大规模突发自然灾害后使用这一工具的培训。
The United Nations response mechanism to environmental emergencies requested a tool to support disaster assessment and coordination actions by United Nations Disaster Assessment and Coordination (UNDAC) teams. The tool should support on-site decision making when substantial chemical emissions affect human health directly or via the environment and should be suitable for prioritizing impact reduction management options under challenging conditions worldwide. To answer this need, the Flash Environmental Assessment Tool (FEAT) was developed and the scientific and practical underpinning and application of this tool are described in this paper. FEAT consists of a printed decision framework and lookup tables, generated by combining the scientific data on chemicals, exposure pathways and vulnerabilities with the pragmatic needs of emergency field teams. Application of the tool yields information that can help prioritize impact reduction measures. The first years of use illustrated the usefulness of the tool as well as suggesting additional uses and improvements. An additional use is application of the back-office tool (Hazard Identification Tool, HIT), the results of which aid decision-making by the authorities of affected countries and the preparation of field teams for on-site deployment. Another extra use is in disaster pro action and prevention. In this case, the application of the tool supports safe land-use planning and improved technical design of chemical facilities. UNDAC teams are trained to use the tool after large-scale sudden onset natural disasters.