Long-term depletion of calcium and other nutrients in eastern US forests
Long-term depletion of calcium and other nutrients in eastern US forests
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DOI：
10.1007/bf01874965
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发表时间：
1989-09
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
C. Federer;J. Hornbeck;L. Tritton;C. Martin;R. S. Pierce;C. T. Smith
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Federer;J. Hornbeck;L. Tritton;C. Martin;R. S. Pierce;C. T. Smith
收获转移和淋失损失都会耗尽森林中的营养资本，但它们的综合长期影响以前没有得到评估。根据缅因州云杉、新罕布夏州两个北部阔叶林、康涅狄格州和田纳西州中部阔叶林以及田纳西州火炬松林地的公布数据，我们估计了120年来土壤和总生物量N、Ca、K、Mg和P的变化。对于N，大气输入抵消了输出，大多数站点的长期变化很小。对于钾、镁和磷，总库容量可能会在120年内减少2%-10%，具体取决于地点和收获强度。对于钙，成熟林的净淋失量为4-16公斤/公顷/年，整株收获为200-1100公斤/公顷。这样的淋失和收割可在短短120年内使土壤全钙和生物量钙减少20%-60%。我们估计了岩石破裂、根区加深和干燥沉积带来的未测量的钙输入；这些不应该被期望来弥补钙的不足。酸析可能是目前钙淋失量大的原因。虽然现在酸性森林土壤中不普遍存在缺钙现象，但如果人为淋洗和密集的收获转移继续下去，这种缺钙现象似乎是可能发生的。
Both harvest removal and leaching losses can deplete nutrient capital in forests, but their combined long-term effects have not been assessed previously. We estimated changes in total soil and biomass N, Ca, K, Mg, and P over 120 years from published data for a spruce-fir site in Maine, two northern hardwood sites in New Hampshire, central hardwood sites in Connecticut and Tennessee, and a loblolly pine site in Tennessee. For N, atmospheric inputs counterbalance the outputs, and there is little long-term change on most sites. For K, Mg, and P, the total pool may decrease by 2%–10% in 120 years depending on site and harvest intensity. For Ca, net leaching loss is 4–16 kg/ha/yr in mature forests, and whole-tree harvest removes 200–1100 kg/ha. Such leaching loss and harvest removal could reduce total soil and biomass Ca by 20%–60% in only 120 years. We estimated unmeasured Ca inputs from rock breakdown, root-zone deepening, and dry deposition; these should not be expected to make up the Ca deficit. Acid precipitation may be the cause of current high leaching of Ca. Although Ca deficiency does not generally occur now in acid forest soils, it seems likely if anthropogenic leaching and intensive harvest removal continue.