Pyrethroid encapsulation for conservation of acarine predators and reduced spider mite (Acari : Tetranychidae) outbreaks in apple orchards
Pyrethroid encapsulation for conservation of acarine predators and reduced spider mite (Acari : Tetranychidae) outbreaks in apple orchards
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拟除虫菊酯封装可保护螨类捕食者并减少苹果园中叶螨（螨：叶螨科）的爆发
DOI：
10.1093/ee/28.1.72
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发表时间：
1999
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
R. Harmsen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. J. Lester;D. Pree;H. Thistlewood;L. Trevisan;R. Harmsen
我们研究了拟除虫菊酯氯氰菊酯微胶囊制剂对捕食者法氏钝绥螨（Garman）的影响以及对叶螨的生物防治作用。在功能反应分析中，田间采集和大规模饲养的易感拟除虫菊酯抗性菌株 A.fallacis 消耗了未喷洒叶盘上相似数量的二斑叶螨卵（每天 14-16 个卵）。喷有微囊氯氰菊酯的盘上消耗的猎物较少，但各品系之间的消耗量相似（每天 10.3-11.3 个卵）。氯氰菊酯乳油（乳油）喷雾片的功能反应与耐药性相关。易感法拉西斯螨（氯氰菊酯 LC 50 = 7.2 ppm）每天最多消耗 1.0 个虫卵；野外采集的捕食者 (LC 50 = 13.3 ppm) 每天最多消耗 4.0 个卵，大规模饲养的 A.fallacis (LC 50 = 28.2 ppm) 每天最多消耗 4.33 个卵。封装的氯氰菊酯对捕食者的毒性要小得多，并且菌株之间的毒性相似（LC 50 范围 = 87.0-100.4 ppm）。在实验果园中，氯氰菊酯 EC 商业制剂几乎消除了法拉西曲霉。在喷洒了微胶囊制剂的树木上，平均法拉西斯密度从每片叶子 0.81 ± 0.26 个降低到每片叶子 0.26 ± 0.12 个。在微囊喷洒过的树木上，这种捕食者密度与柱头捕食者 Zetzellia mali (Ewing) 一起，似乎将全爪螨调节至每片叶子 21.7 ± 11.7 的峰值密度，而经氯氰菊酯 EC 处理的树木每片叶子的峰值密度为 87.2 ± 15.6，未喷洒农药的树木每片叶子的峰值密度为 10.4 ± 4.6。在喷洒拟除虫菊酯的果园中，微囊氯氰菊酯制剂比氯氰菊酯乳油制剂更好地保留了自然生物防治效果。
We examined the effects of a micro-encapsulated formulation of the pyrethroid cypermethrin on the predator Amblyseius fallacis (Garman) and the biological control of tetranychid mites. In functional response analysis, susceptible field-collected and mass-reared pyrethroid resistant strains of A. fallacis consumed similar numbers of Tetranychus urticae Koch eggs on unsprayed leaf-disks (14-16 eggs per day). Fewer prey were consumed on micro-encapsulated cypermethrin sprayed disks, but consumption was similar between strains (10.3-11.3 eggs per day). The functional response on cypermethrin EC (emulsifiable concentrate)-sprayed disks was associated with resistance. Susceptible A. fallacis mites (cypermethrin LC 50 = 7.2 ppm) consumed a maximum of 1.0 eggs per day; field-collected predators (LC 50 = 13.3 ppm) consumed a maximum of 4.0 eggs per day, and mass-reared A. fallacis (LC 50 = 28.2 ppm) consumed a maximum of 4.33 eggs per day. Encapsulated cypermethrin was much less toxic to predators, and was similar in toxicity between strains (LC 50 range = 87.0-100.4 ppm). In an experimental orchard, a commercial formulation of cypermethrin EC almost eliminated A fallaci On trees sprayed with the micro-encapsulated formulation, mean A fallacis densities were reduced from 0.81 ± 0.26 per leaf to 0.26 ± 0.12 per leaf. On micro-encapsulated sprayed trees this predator density, together with the stigmaeid predator Zetzellia mali (Ewing), appeared to regulate Panonychus ulmi Koch to a peak density of 21.7 ± 11.7 per leaf, compared to 87.2 ± 15.6 per leaf on cypermethrin EC treated trees, and 10.4 ± 4.6 per leaf on unsprayed trees. The micro-encapsulated cypermethrin formulation conserved natural biological control in pyrethroid sprayed orchards better than the cypermethrin EC formulation.