Wheat Phenological Development and Growth Studies As Affected by Drought and Late Season High Temperature Stress under Arid Environment.
Wheat Phenological Development and Growth Studies As Affected by Drought and Late Season High Temperature Stress under Arid Environment.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpls.2016.00795
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Daur I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ihsan MZ;El-Nakhlawy FS;Ismail SM;Fahad S;Daur I
本研究评价了小麦基因型（G）对干旱环境的适应性和耐受性潜力。我们研究了干旱胁迫（DS）（100，75和50%田间持水量），种植时间（PT）（16- 11月，01- 12月，16- 12月和01- 1月）和G（Yocoro Rojo，FKAU-10，费萨拉巴德-08和Galaxy L-7096）对滴灌小麦的物候发育，生长指数，籽粒产量和水分利用效率的影响。在五个物候生长阶段（GS）（分蘖，拔节，孕穗，抽穗，成熟）和生长指数30，45，60和75天后播种（DAS）的发展也与最终的粮食产量。分蘖发生较早，DS地块，最多31天。完成50%抽穗和生理作物成熟的天数是最敏感的GS，表示在严重DS下完成这些GS的天数减少31-72%。小麦G在重度DS下灌浆持续时间最短。基因型Fsd-08对干旱气候的适应性较强，在田间持水量为100-50%时，其灌浆期分别比其他基因型延长31%、35%和38%。12月播种缓解了干旱和延迟种植的影响，在严重干旱下产生了优越的上级生长和产量（2162 kg ha−1）。Fsd-08和L-7096的株高最低（36 cm），生长周期最短（76 d），1月播种时田间持水量为50%。在严重的DS叶面积指数，干物质积累，作物生长速率和净同化率分别下降了67，57，34，和38%，与非胁迫区相比。Fsd-08和F-10基因型在重度胁迫下的产量表现为上级优势，比YR基因型增产14-17%。作物生长指标与产量的相关性在60-75天达到最高值（0.58-0.71）。因此，这些生长指标对产量的主要贡献是在生殖阶段的开始。可见，孕穗期和灌浆期是受干旱和迟播影响最为敏感的GS。
This study evaluates the potential for adaptability and tolerance of wheat genotypes (G) to an arid environment. We examined the influence of drought stress (DS) (100, 75, and 50% field capacity), planting times (PT) (16-November, 01-December, 16-December and 01-January), and G (Yocoro Rojo, FKAU-10, Faisalabad-08, and Galaxy L-7096) on phenological development, growth indices, grain yield, and water use efficiency of drip-irrigated wheat. Development measured at five phenological growth stages (GS) (tillering, jointing, booting, heading, and maturity) and growth indices 30, 45, 60, and 75 days after sowing (DAS) were also correlated with final grain yield. Tillering occurred earlier in DS plots, to a maximum of 31 days. Days to complete 50% heading and physiological crop maturity were the most susceptible GS that denoted 31–72% reduction in number of days to complete these GS at severe DS. Wheat G grown with severe DS had the shortest grain filling duration. Genotype Fsd-08 presented greater adaptability to studied arid climate and recorded 31, 35, and 38% longer grain filling period as compared with rest of the G at 100–50% field capacity respectively. December sowing mitigated the drought and delayed planting effects by producing superior growth and yield (2162 kg ha−1) at severe DS. Genotypes Fsd-08 and L-7096 attained the minimum plant height (36 cm) and the shortest growth cycle (76 days) for January planting with 50% field capacity. At severe DS leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, crop growth rate and net assimilation rate were decreased by 67, 57, 34, and 38% as compared to non-stressed plots. Genotypes Fsd-08 and F-10 were the superior ones and secured 14–17% higher grain yield than genotype YR for severely stressed plots. The correlation between crop growth indices and grain yield depicted the highest value (0.58–0.71) at 60–75 DAS. So the major contribution of these growth indices toward grain yield was at the start of reproductive phase. It's clear that booting and grain filling are the most sensitive GS that are severely affected by both drought and delay in planting.