Diversion of attention in everyday concept learning: Identification in the service of use
Diversion of attention in everyday concept learning: Identification in the service of use
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DOI：
10.3758/bf03195937
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Wood, Timothy J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brooks, Lee R.;Squire-Graydon, Rosemary;Wood, Timothy J.
许多人倾向于认为，自然类别具有完美的预测性定义特征。他们不容易接受家族相似性的观点，即一个类别的特征不足以单独预测该类别。然而，常见的类别学习任务不会产生这种比事实更简单的信念。如果任务中没有简单的分类原则，参与者知道这一事实并可以报告。我们认为，大多数使用家庭相似性类别的类别学习任务都不能产生日常生活中比现在更简单的信念，因为它们鼓励在培训期间分析识别标准。为了模拟在许多自然情况下发生的学习，我们开发了一种程序，在该程序中，参与者的分析活动从识别刺激的方式转移到刺激将被使用的方式。最后，我们讨论了这种转移分析在日常分类中的普遍程度。
Many people tend to believe that natural categories have perfectly predictive defining features. They do not easily accept the family resemblance view that the features characteristic of a category are not individually sufficient to predict the category. However, common category-learning tasks do not produce this simpler-than-it-is belief. If there is no simple classification principle in a task, the participants know that fact and can report it. We argue that most category-learning tasks in which family resemblance categories are used fail to produce the everyday simpler-than-it-is belief because they encourage analysis of identification criteria during training. To simulate the learning occurring in many natural circumstances, we developed a procedure in which participants' analytic activity is diverted from the way in which the stimuli are identified to the use to which the stimuli will be put. Finally, we discuss the prevalence of this diverted analysis in everyday categorization.