The epidemiology of venous thromboembolism
The epidemiology of venous thromboembolism
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DOI：
10.1161/01.cir.0000078468.11849.66
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发表时间：
2003-06-17
期刊：
影响因子：
37.8
通讯作者：
White, RH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
White, RH
静脉血栓栓塞（VTE）首次发生在美国，每年每10万人中约有100人，并且呈指数增长，从15岁以下的每10万人中不到5例，到80岁的每10万人中大约有500例（0.5%）。大约三分之一的症状性静脉血栓栓塞患者表现为肺栓塞（PE），而三分之二的患者仅表现为深静脉血栓形成（DVT）。尽管有抗凝治疗，静脉血栓栓塞在初始事件发生后的最初几个月经常复发，6个月时复发率约为7%。约6%的DVT病例和12%的PE病例在诊断后1个月内死亡。一年中的时间可能影响静脉血栓栓塞的发生，冬季的发生率高于夏季。静脉血栓栓塞的一个主要危险因素是种族，白种人和非裔美国人的发病率明显高于西班牙裔和亚太岛民。总体而言，约25%至50%的首次静脉血栓栓塞患者具有特发性疾病，没有容易识别的危险因素。静脉血栓栓塞后的早期死亡率与PE、高龄、癌症和潜在心血管疾病的表现密切相关。
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) occurs for the first time in approximate to 100 persons per 100,000 each year in the United States, and rises exponentially from < 5 cases per 100,000 persons < 15 years old to approximate to 500 cases ( 0.5%) per 100,000 persons at age 80 years. Approximately one third of patients with symptomatic VTE manifest pulmonary embolism (PE), whereas two thirds manifest deep vein thrombosis (DVT) alone. Despite anticoagulant therapy, VTE recurs frequently in the first few months after the initial event, with a recurrence rate of approximate to 7% at 6 months. Death occurs in approximate to 6% of DVT cases and 12% of PE cases within 1 month of diagnosis. The time of year may affect the occurrence of VTE, with a higher incidence in the winter than in the summer. One major risk factor for VTE is ethnicity, with a significantly higher incidence among Caucasians and African Americans than among Hispanic persons and Asian-Pacific Islanders. Overall, approximate to 25% to 50% of patient with first-time VTE have an idiopathic condition, without a readily identifiable risk factor. Early mortality after VTE is strongly associated with presentation as PE, advanced age, cancer, and underlying cardiovascular disease.