The principle of the positioning system based on communication satellites
The principle of the positioning system based on communication satellites
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s11433-009-0065-6
复制
发表时间：
2009-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Guo Ji
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Al GuoXiang;Shi HuLi;Guo Ji
在卫星系统中实现通信和导航功能是世界各国长久以来的梦想。本文介绍了如何建立一个基于通信卫星的定位系统，称为中国区域定位系统（CAPS）。通信卫星代替了典型的导航卫星，首先配置为传输来自地面站的导航信号，可以用来获取定位、速度和时间服务，实现导航定位的功能。首先要解决一些关键技术问题；包括通信卫星的精确定位和轨道预测、信号传输时间的测量和计算、通信卫星信号传输中的载频漂移、如何改进系统中星座的几何配置、导航与通信的一体化等。开发了多种创新方法，使新系统具有完整的导航和通信功能。在关键技术和方法发展的基础上，设计并开发了CAPS演示系统。 CAPS系统使用位于东经87.5度、东经110.5度、东经134度、东经142度的地球同步轨道（GEO）上的四颗通信卫星和气压测高卫星。位于东经134度和东经142度的GEO卫星是退役的GEO（DGEO）卫星。 C波段用作导航波段。采用C1=4143.15 MHz和C2=3826.02 MHz双频以及标准码（CA码和精密码（P码））的双码。地面部分由五个地面站组成；主站位于西安临潼。地面站承担着很多职责，包括监视和管理所有系统组件的运行、确定卫星位置和预测卫星轨道、完成虚拟原子钟测量、向每颗卫星发送和接收导航信号。在中国大陆的北、南、东、西、中部地区，对CAPS示范系统的功能进行了检验和测量。在汽车和船上，系统也会被检查和测量。结果如下：CA-code，水平定位精度，15-25 m（1 sigma），垂直，1-3 m； P-code，水平定位精度，8-10 m（1 sigma），垂直，1-3 m；速度精度，CA代码，0.13-0.30 m/s，P代码，0.15-0.17 m/s；时间精度，CA代码，160 ns，P代码，13 ns；轨道测定精度为千分之一货币符号2米。示范开发花费约2000万美元、两年时间。一个完整的CAPS系统正在建立。
It is a long dream to realize the communication and navigation functionality in a satellite system in the world. This paper introduces how to establish the system, a positioning system based on communication satellites called Chinese Area Positioning System (CAPS). Instead of the typical navigation satellites, the communication satellites are configured firstly to transfer navigation signals from ground stations, and can be used to obtain service of the positioning, velocity and time, and to achieve the function of navigation and positioning. Some key technique issues should be first solved; they include the accuracy position determination and orbit prediction of the communication satellites, the measuring and calculation of transfer time of the signals, the carrier frequency drift in communication satellite signal transfer, how to improve the geometrical configuration of the constellation in the system, and the integration of navigation & communication. Several innovative methods are developed to make the new system have full functions of navigation and communication. Based on the development of crucial techniques and methods, the CAPS demonstration system has been designed and developed. Four communication satellites in the geosynchronous orbit (GEO) located at 87.5A degrees E, 110.5A degrees E, 134A degrees E, 142A degrees E and barometric altimetry are used in the CAPS system. The GEO satellites located at 134A degrees E and 142A degrees E are decommissioned GEO (DGEO) satellites. C-band is used as the navigation band. Dual frequency at C1=4143.15 MHz and C2=3826.02 MHz as well as dual codes with standard code (CA code and precision code (P code)) are adopted. The ground segment consists of five ground stations; the master station is in Lintong, Xi'an. The ground stations take a lot of responsibilities, including monitor and management of the operation of all system components, determination of the satellite position and prediction of the satellite orbit, accomplishment of the virtual atomic clock measurement, transmission and receiving navigation signals to and from each satellite. In the north, the south, the east, the west and the center of Chinese main land, the function of CAPS demonstration system is checked and measured. In cars and on board the system is also checked and measured. The results are as follow: CA-code, horizontal positioning accuracy, 15-25 m (1 sigma), vertical, 1-3 m; P-code, horizontal positioning accuracy, 8-10 m (1 sigma), vertical, 1-3 m; velocity accuracy, CA-code, 0.13-0.30 m/s, P-code, 0.15-0.17 m/s; time accuracy, CA-code, 160 ns, P-code, 13 ns; determination accuracy of orbit a parts per thousand currency sign2 m. About 20 million US $ and two years are spent for the development of demonstration. A complete CAPS system is now being established.