Spatial neglect
Spatial neglect
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DOI：
10.1007/s00115-004-1698-3
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发表时间：
2004-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.1
通讯作者：
Heide, W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fink, GR;Heide, W
单侧空间（半）忽视或（半）注意力不集中是临床术语，用于描述一些不同的临床症状，这些症状的共同点是患者未能注意到对侧空间中的人或物体，对其作出充分反应或自主定向。单侧空间忽视最常发生在右脑损伤后，特别是右下顶叶皮层（角回和边缘上回）和右颞顶叶交界处。重要的是，如果目标行为只能用主要的感觉或运动缺陷来解释，那么术语“半忽视”就不能有意义地使用。典型的患者的缺陷是超模态的：半忽视患者不能对新的或有意义的刺激做出反应，无论这些刺激是在视觉、听觉还是躯体感觉领域。由于对身体和外部世界的充分感知和空间表征对于几乎所有日常生活活动都是必需的，因此人们知道，半忽视会限制积极参与康复计划的程度，因此通常与功能恢复不良和不太成功的社会重新融合有关。一些新的有希望的行为和药物治疗可能有助于改善忽视在未来。
Unilateral spatial (hemi-)neglect or (hemi-) inattention are clinical terms used to describe a number of different clinical symptoms which have in common the patient's failure to attend to, respond adequately to, or orient voluntarily to people or objects in the contralesional space. Unilateral spatial neglect is most often observed following brain lesions affecting the right hemisphere, and in particular the right inferior parietal cortex (angular and supramarginal gyrus) and right temporoparietal junction. Importantly, the term hemineglect cannot be meaningfully used if the target behavior is explained by primary sensory or motor deficits only. Typically the patient's deficit is supra-modal: patients with hemineglect fail to respond to novel or meaningful stimuli irrespective of whether they are presented in the visual, auditory, and somesthetic (somatosensory) domain. As adequate perception and spatial representation of both the body and the outside world are mandatory for almost all activities of daily living, hemineglect is known to limit the degree of active participation in rehabilitation programs and is thus commonly associated with poor functional recovery and less successful social reintegration. A number of new promising behavioral and pharmacological treatments may help to ameliorate neglect in the future.