Effects of long-term fertilization on leaf photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield in winter wheat
Effects of long-term fertilization on leaf photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield in winter wheat
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DOI：
10.1023/b:phot.0000046164.77410.ef
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发表时间：
2004-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Fan, X
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jiang, D;Dai, T;Fan, X
通过20年的小麦-玉米两熟制施肥试验，研究了不同长期施肥处理对不同类型冬小麦叶片光合特性和籽粒产量的影响。在2000-2001和2001-2002两个生长季节对不同品种进行了研究。共9个施肥处理，即不施肥(CK)、氮肥(N)、氮磷肥(NP)、氮钾肥(NK)、氮磷钾肥(NPK)、只施有机肥(M)、有机肥和氮肥(MN)、有机肥和氮磷肥(MNP)、有机肥和N、P、K肥(MNPK)。在灌浆中期(开花后20d或23d)，有机肥与无机肥配施处理(TMI)的旗叶净光合速率(P-N)、光系统2、PS2最大活性(F-v/F-m)、叶绿素含量(SPAD值)和叶面积指数(LAI)均较高，灌浆后期(30DPA)下降较慢。灌浆中期以P-N x LAI和SPAD x LAI表示的群体最大光合特性也高于TI，这就导致了TMI和TI的不同产量。在TMI处理和TI处理中，除NK处理外，旗叶和冠层的光合作用能力和产量水平均随无机营养(N、P、K肥)的增加而提高。在NK条件下，土壤N、K含量增加，P含量降低。由此可见，NK处理由于养分输入不当造成的土壤养分失衡，可能是导致灌浆过程中旗叶和冠层光合特性及叶面积指数降低，旗叶光合特性快速下降，导致NK产量下降与对照相似的原因之一。
Based on a 20-year fertilization experiment with wheat-maize double cropping system, the effects of different long-term fertilization treatments on leaf photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield in different winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars were studied in the growing seasons of 2000-2001 and 2001-2002. A total of nine fertilization treatments were implemented, i.e. no fertilizer (CK), N fertilizer (N), N and P fertilizers (NP), N and K fertilizers (NK), N, P, and K fertilizers (NPK), only organic manure (M), organic manure and N fertilizer (MN), organic manure and N and P fertilizers (MNP), and organic manure and N, P, and K fertilizers (MNPK). With the treatments of combined organic manure and inorganic fertilizers (TMI), net photosynthetic rate (P-N), maximal activity of photosystem 2, PS2 (F-v/F-m), and chlorophyll content (SPAD value) of flag leaves and leaf area index (LAI) were much higher at the mid grain filling stage (20 or 23 d post anthesis, DPA), and exhibited slower declines at the late grain filling stage (30 DPA), compared with the treatments of only inorganic fertilizers (TI). The maximal canopy photosynthetic traits expressed as P-N x LAI and SPAD x LAI at the mid grain filling stage were also higher in TMI than those in TI, which resulted in different grain yields in TMI and TI. Among the treatments of TMI or among the treatments of TI, both flag leaf and canopy photosynthetic abilities and yield levels increased with the supplement of inorganic nutrients (N, P, and K fertilizers), except for the treatment of NK. Under NK, soil contents of N and K increased while that of P decreased. Hence the unbalanced nutrients in soil from the improper input of nutrients in NK treatment were probably responsible for the reduced flag leaf and canopy photosynthetic characteristics and LAI, and for the fast declining of flag leaf photosynthetic traits during grain filling, resulting in the reduced yield of NK similar to the level of CK.