Are poverty and protected area establishment linked at a national scale?
Are poverty and protected area establishment linked at a national scale?
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贫困和保护区的建立在全国范围内是否存在联系？
DOI：
10.1017/s0030605307001044
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
W. Adams
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Upton;R. Ladle;D. Hulme;Tao Jiang;D. Brockington;W. Adams
关于贫困和保护的辩论主要是利用当地的案例研究，特别是保护区的影响。虽然地方和偶然的变数显然对建立保护区的社会和经济影响有重要影响，但不知道国家财富与指定保护区的面积、数量和类型之间是否存在一般关系。我们在这里进行这样的分析。我们的研究结果表明，富裕国家比贫穷国家拥有更多的较小规模的保护区。然而，我们发现，在全国范围内的贫困指标和保护区的程度之间的显着关系。因此，我们的分析证实，贫困和保护行动之间的关系是动态的，并在当地具体。这一结论对贫困和保护辩论中的对立立场有影响。那些以当地案例研究为基础，认为保护区对贫困做出重大贡献的保护批评者有夸大问题规模的风险。然而，保护倡导者也需要缓和他们的热情。在具体情况下，可能会同时实现减贫和养护目标，但往往需要在养护目标和生计目标之间作出明确的选择。
Abstract The debate about poverty and conservation draws mainly on local case studies, particularly of the impacts of protected areas. Although it is clear that local and contingent variables have important effects on the social and economic impacts of protected area establishment, it is not known whether there is a general relationship between national wealth and the area, number and type of protected area designated. Here we conduct such an analysis. Our results suggest that wealthy countries have a larger number of protected areas of smaller size than poorer countries. However, we find few significant relationships between indicators of poverty and the extent of protected areas at a national scale. Our analysis therefore confirms that relationships between poverty and conservation action are dynamic and locally specific. This conclusion has implications for opposing positions within the debate on poverty and conservation. Critics of conservation who build upon local case studies to argue that protected areas make a significant contribution to poverty risk exaggerating the scale of the problem. However, conservation advocates also need to temper their enthusiasm. Outcomes in which both poverty alleviation and conservation goals are achieved may be possible in specific circumstances but clear choices will often need to be made between conservation and livelihood goals.