Genomic dissection of variation in clutch size and egg mass in a wild great tit (Parus major) population
Genomic dissection of variation in clutch size and egg mass in a wild great tit (Parus major) population
复制标题
野生大山雀种群窝数和卵量变化的基因组解剖
作者：
A. W. Santure;I. Cauwer;M. Robinson;J. Poissant;B. Sheldon;J. Slate
在野生鸟类种群中，卵的数量和蛋的质量是被广泛研究的生活史特征，因为生活史理论预测了它们之间的负平衡，无论是在表型还是在遗传水平上。在这里，我们分析了野生大山雀（Parus major）种群中这些可遗传性状的基因组结构，使用了三种基于标记的方法——染色体分配、数量性状位点（QTL）定位和全基因组关联研究（GWAS）。每个大山雀染色体解释的差异与预测的染色体大小有关，基因组中没有位置包含全基因组范围内显著的QTL，也没有单个snp与大部分表型变异相关，所有这些都可能表明，这两个性状的变异是由于基因组中许多影响较小的位点造成的。没有证据表明基因组的任何区域对这两个性状都有显著贡献，这与性状之间的小而不显著的负遗传协方差相结合，表明这些性状的独立进化缺乏遗传约束。我们的研究结果支持这样一种假设，即自然种群中生活史性状的变异可能是由遍布整个基因组的许多小效应位点决定的，这些位点受到突变和迁移的持续输入，尽管我们不能排除影响任何性状的主要效应基因的额外输入的可能性。
Clutch size and egg mass are life history traits that have been extensively studied in wild bird populations, as life history theory predicts a negative trade‐off between them, either at the phenotypic or at the genetic level. Here, we analyse the genomic architecture of these heritable traits in a wild great tit (Parus major) population, using three marker‐based approaches – chromosome partitioning, quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping and a genome‐wide association study (GWAS). The variance explained by each great tit chromosome scales with predicted chromosome size, no location in the genome contains genome‐wide significant QTL, and no individual SNPs are associated with a large proportion of phenotypic variation, all of which may suggest that variation in both traits is due to many loci of small effect, located across the genome. There is no evidence that any regions of the genome contribute significantly to both traits, which combined with a small, nonsignificant negative genetic covariance between the traits, suggests the absence of genetic constraints on the independent evolution of these traits. Our findings support the hypothesis that variation in life history traits in natural populations is likely to be determined by many loci of small effect spread throughout the genome, which are subject to continued input of variation by mutation and migration, although we cannot exclude the possibility of an additional input of major effect genes influencing either trait.
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