Evolutionary implications of early male and satellite nest production in Polistes exclamans colony cycles
Evolutionary implications of early male and satellite nest production in Polistes exclamans colony cycles
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马蜂惊叹号群体周期中早期雄性和卫星巢穴生产的进化意义
DOI：
10.1007/bf00302844
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发表时间：
1981
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
J. Strassmann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Strassmann
1.德克萨斯州中部的马蜂种群具有独特的群体周期。全部 P. 20%–38% 的惊叹号巢产生带有第一窝工蜂的雄性。产生早期雄性的巢穴在早期雄性产生时的雌性、细胞、蛹和羽化率明显高于不产生早期雄性的巢穴。 2.早期雄性产生可能起源于大量蜂王在秋季繁殖的雄性和雌性产生之前死亡所造成的适应。它允许早期雄性交配的工蜂产卵。3.蚁后或工蜂有时会离开原来的巢穴，在附近开始新的巢穴，如果它们想要成功，就必须有来自原来巢穴的工蜂加入。此类“卫星巢”是从 5 月到 7 月开始的，占所有巢穴的 16%–39%，具体取决于种群数量。尽管启动卫星的巢穴比未启动卫星的巢穴具有明显更多的雌性和蛹，但给定巢穴的卫星巢产量不依赖于先前的早期雄性产量，并且与创建雌性的数量无关。4.更多P。 1976 年至 1979 年，因鸟类而失去感叹号巢的人数比任何其他原因都多。 1976-1979年期间，12个有卫星的巢穴被击倒后，有66.7%成功繁殖后代，而被击倒的87个无卫星巢穴中，只有5.7%随后成功繁殖。隐蔽的巢穴不易受到鸟类捕食。5.巢寄生蜂，C. iphitalis 是一种萤蛾，会避开先前受感染的巢穴，因此卫星筑巢不会减少这种寄生蜂的影响。然而，巢寄生蜂E． polistis 是一种小蜂，在它出来的巢中产卵，因此当这种寄生蜂已经在主巢中时，卫星巢提供了逃生的机会。
1.Polistes exclamanspopulations in central Texas have a unique colony cycle. Of allP. exclamansnests 20%–38% produce males with the first brood of workers. Nests producing early males have significantly more females, cells, pupae, and emergences at the time of early male production than nests not producing early males.2.Early male production may have originated as an adaptation caused by the large number of queens that die before autumn reproductive males and females are produced. It allows egg laying by workers with whom early males mate.3.Queens or workers sometimes leave their original nest and start new nests nearby that must be joined by workers from the original nest if they are to succeed. Such ‘satellite nests’ were initiated from May to July by 16%–39% of all nests, depending on the population. Although nests initiating satellites have significantly more females and pupae than nests not initiating satellites, satellite nest production by a given nest is not dependent on prior early male production, and is independent of the number of foundresses.4.MoreP. exclamansnests 1976–1979 were lost to birds than to any other cause. In the period 1976–1979, 66.7% of the 12 nests with satellites succeeded in producing reproductives after being knocked down while only 5.7% of the 87 nests without satellites that were knocked down were subsequently successful. Concealed nests are less vulnerable to bird predation.5.The brood parasitoid,C. iphitalis, a pyralid moth, avoids previously infested nests, therefore satellite nesting does not reduce the impact of this parasitoid. However, the brood parasitoidE. polistis, a chalcid wasp, lays eggs in the nest it emerges from, hence a satellite nest provides an escape when this parasitoid is already in the main nest.