A Review of: “Ceramic Matrix Composites, Walter Krenel (Ed.)”
A Review of: “Ceramic Matrix Composites, Walter Krenel (Ed.)”
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评论：“陶瓷基复合材料，Walter Krenel（主编）”
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发表时间：
2009
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通讯作者：
T. Laha
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作者：
T. Laha
近年来，陶瓷基复合材料（CMC）的研究和开发得到广泛开展，认为CMC是高合金钢和传统耐火材料等传统工业材料的有吸引力的替代品，这归因于CMC在高温、高应力和腐蚀条件等恶劣环境中的可靠性。 CMC 是合适的增强相（即金属或陶瓷）与陶瓷基体的组合，以克服整体陶瓷固有的脆性。在CMC中，主要目标是赋予脆性陶瓷韧性，以将其用于结构部件，例如发电厂的燃气轮机、热处理炉、火箭和喷气发动机、航天器的隔热罩、聚变反应堆第一壁、飞机制动器等。此外，CMC还被合成用于定制性能，如高温稳定性、高抗热震性、高耐腐蚀性、更好的导电性和导热性以及热膨胀性。由于能源效率的提高、生产率的提高以及法规遵从性的提高，加工业的趋势是生产 CMC 作为有前途的热结构材料。然而，CMC 的应用仍然受到缺乏合适的增强材料、加工困难、精确的材料数据库、寿命和成本的限制。 Walter Krenel主编、Wiley-VCH出版的《陶瓷基复合材料》教科书重点介绍了CMC在各行业的发展和应用现状。该纲要包含不同类型 CMC 的信息、加工细节、机械性能和应用，可以作为陶瓷复合材料领域研究生和研究学者的参考手册。该专着共十六章，介绍了 CMC 的基础知识、不同类别 CMC 中各种增强剂的详细信息、它们的各种加工和制造细节、微观结构和热机械特性、加工和连接方面，以及特定 CMC 在汽车、航空航天、核能和摩擦应用等各个行业中的应用。本书第一章提供了各种有机/无机和氧化物/非氧化物纤维作为增强材料的结构的总体概念，以及各种直接和间接的纤维生产方法。第二章详细讨论了一种特定类型的纤维，即纺织纤维增强材料，详细讨论了纺织品的品种、它们的不同制造工艺、性能和具体应用。第三章介绍了 CMC 中界面和界面的基本概念、它们的重要性、CMC 中裂纹偏差的机制以及必要界面的设计。本书的第四章描述了特定 CMC（碳/碳复合材料）的各种合成技术、演变的微观结构以及所产生的热机械性能，这是美国空军和 NASA 研究项目在高温下需要更好的机械性能材料的结果。接下来的三章回顾了各种主要的工业制造工艺，即 CMC 的熔体渗透、化学气相渗透、聚合物浸渍和热解 (PIP) 工艺。这三章讨论了针对特定应用的特定 CMC 的加工，以及产生特定机械性能的负载传递机制。第八章和第九章重点介绍各种氧化物/氧化物复合材料的合成、性能和应用。第十章介绍了基于界面载荷传递和分层理论的 CMC 微观结构建模以及由此产生的 CMC 热机械性能。第11章描述了各种无损检测技术的原理和方法，例如光学、超声波、热成像、射线照相和X射线断层扫描分析，特别是在CMC领域的应用。第12章和第13章讨论了CMC的各种加工和连接方法，以及工具和工艺要求、随之而来的机械性能和具体应用。本教材的最后三章讨论了各种新颖性质的CMC在航天、航空、核能和摩擦领域的应用。这三章还讨论了这种特定 CMC 的制造技术和热机械性能。本纲要的编写者来自世界各个著名的研究机构和行业，在CMC的不同领域以极高的学识和丰富的经验撰写了各自的章节。然而，全书不同章节的安排并不遵循流畅的顺序。例如，关于碳/碳复合材料的第四章出现在CMC合成的描述之前
Research and development on ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are being extensively exercised in recent times, considering CMCs as attractive alternatives to traditional industrial materials such as high alloy steels and conventional refractory materials, attributed to the reliability of CMCs in severe environments in terms of high temperature, high level of stress, and corrosive conditions. CMCs are combination of suitable reinforcing phases (i.e., metals or ceramics) with a ceramic matrix to overcome the intrinsic brittleness of monolithic ceramics. In CMCs, the primary goal is to impart toughness in brittle ceramics towards employing them in structural parts, such as gas turbines for power plants, heat treatment furnaces, rocket and jet engines, heat shields for space vehicles, fusion reactor first wall, aircraft brakes, etc. Besides, CMCs are also being synthesized towards tailoring properties such as high-temperature stability, high thermal shock resistance, high corrosion resistance, better electrical and thermal conductivity, and thermal expansion. A trend in processing industries is being perceived towards manufacturing CMCs as promising thermostructural materials, attributed to the increased energy efficiency, increased productivity, and regulatory compliance. However, the applications of CMCs are still limited by the lack of suitable reinforcements, processing difficulties, precise material data bases, lifetime, and cost. The textbook titled “Ceramic Matrix Composites,” edited byWalter Krenel and published byWiley-VCH, emphasizes on the present status of development and application of CMCs being employed in various industries. The compendium, comprising information on different types of CMCs, details of processing, mechanical properties, and applications, can serve as a reference handbook for graduate students and research scholars working in the field of ceramic composites. The monograph, containing sixteen chapters, portrays the fundamentals of CMCs, details of various reinforcing agents in different categories of CMCs, their various processing and manufacturing details, microstructural and thermomechanical characteristics, machining and joining aspects, and application of particular CMCs in various industries such as automobile, aerospace, nuclear, and friction applications. The first chapter of this book provides an overall concept of structure of various organic/inorganic and oxide/non-oxide fibers as reinforcement with various direct and indirect production methods of fibers. A specific type of fibers, the textile fiber reinforcement, has been discussed with great details of varieties of textiles, their different manufacturing processes, properties, and specific applications in the second chapter. The third chapter deals with the fundamental concepts of interfaces and interphases in CMCs, their importance, and mechanism of crack deviation in CMCs and engineering the prerequisite interfaces. The fourth chapter of this book delineates the various synthesis techniques, evolved microstructures, and resulted thermomechanical properties of a specific CMCs, the carbon/carbon composites, which were an outcome form the requirement of better mechanical property material at high temperature for US Air Force and NASA research programs. The next three chapters review the various major industrial manufacturing processes, i.e., melt infiltration, chemical vapor infiltration, polymer impregnation, and pyrolysis (PIP) process for CMCs. Processing of specific CMCs for certain applications, as well as the mechanism of load transfer resulting specific mechanical properties have been discussed in these three chapters. The eighth and ninth chapters emphasize the synthesis, properties, and applications of various oxide/oxide composites. Microstructural modeling in CMCs based on theories of load transfer and delamination at the interfaces and resulting thermomechanical properties of CMCs has been introduced in the tenth chapter. The principles and methods of various nondestructive testing techniques, such as optical, ultrasonic, thermographic, radiographic, and X-Ray tomographic analysis with particular application in the area of CMCs have been described in Chapter 11. The twelfth and thirteenth chapters deal with various machining and joining methods of CMCs, with tooling and process requirements, consequent mechanical properties, and specific applications. The last three chapters of this textbook deal with application of various novel property CMCs in the field of space and aeronautics, nuclear, and friction. The manufacturing techniques and thermomechanical properties of this specific CMCs have also been discussed in these three chapters. The contributors of this compendium are from various world famous research institutes and industries, and have composed their respective episodes with extreme erudition and immense experience in the different fields of CMCs. However, the arrangement of different chapters does not follow a smooth ordering throughout the book. For example, the fourth chapter on carbon/carbon composite appears before the description of the CMC synthetic