Biochemical criteria for activated macrophages.
Biochemical criteria for activated macrophages.
复制标题
活化巨噬细胞的生化标准。
作者：
M. L. Karnovsky;J. Lazdins
最初引入“活化巨噬细胞”的名称是为了描述巨噬细胞的状态，其具有增强的吞噬微生物和发挥抗微生物活性的能力。发现这种效应依赖于特定的感染，并涉及淋巴细胞的参与（1，2）。“激活”有特异的免疫学基础，但其表达是非特异性的。Mackaness清晰地写了关于活化的巨噬细胞的文章，并让读者回到Lurie在结核病中的概念，并进一步回到在这种情况下思考的起源，即，Metchnikoff的概念（3）。后者经常被引用的关于“完善白细胞的吞噬和消化能力”的短语很可能是广义上与“激活”的同义词。一旦确定在感染后的某个适当时间从动物中获取的巨噬细胞，例如李斯特菌或卡介苗2（BCG），在其抗微生物能力方面上级对照细胞，就很自然地调查这些细胞与正常（对照）细胞之间在形态学、细胞化学和生物化学属性方面的差异。
The designation “activated macrophage” was originally introduced to describe the state of macrophages that have an enhanced ability to phagocytize microorganisms and exert antimicrobial activity. This effect was found to be dependent upon particular infections and involves the participation of lymphocytes (1, 2). “Activation” has a specific immunologic basis, but its expression is nonspecific. Mackaness has written lucidly about activated macrophages and has referred readers back to the concepts of Lurie in tuberculosis, and further to the fons et origo of thinking in this context, i.e., to concepts of Metchnikoff (3). The latter's oft quoted phrase regarding a “perfecting of the phagocytic and digestive powers of the leukocytes” might well be, broadly speaking, synonymous with “activation.” Once it was determined that macrophages taken from animals at some appropriate time after infection, for example, with Listerria or Bacillus Calmette-Guérin2 (BCG), were superior to control cells with respect to their antimicrobial powers, it was natural for inquiry to be made into the differences between such cells and normal (control) cells, in terms of their morphology, cellular chemistry, and biochemical attributes.