Active Smart u-Things and Cyber Individuals
Active Smart u-Things and Cyber Individuals
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-642-15470-6_2
复制
发表时间：
2010-08
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Jianhua Ma
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jianhua Ma
由于芯片的持续小型化和有线/无线通信的可用性，许多种类/形式的设备可以集成到物理对象和周围环境中。与存在于计算机/Web/Internet上的纯数字e-things相反，u-things是普通的物理事物，具有附加、嵌入或混合的计算机、网络和/或其他设备，如传感器、执行器、电子标签等。主动智能u-things是或多或少能够感知、计算、通信并可以根据其目标、情境、用户需求采取某些行动的智能u-things。主动智能U型物可以具有从低到高的不同智能水平，并且具有各种智能形式，例如，感知的、上下文感知的、交互的、反应的、主动的、辅助的、自适应的、自动的、自主的、感知的、感知的、有机的、类生命的、认知的、思考的等等。主动智能U事物可以覆盖真实的世界中的无数类型的物理事物。它们可以大致分为三类，即，智能对象、智能空间和智能系统。最大的挑战是如何使这些智能的u-things在正确的时间，正确的地点和正确的方式提供所需的服务，所有的人与ubisafe保证。此外，人的本质和存在的网络-物理组合空间应该重新审视。网络个人，简称“网络我”，是一个真实的个人在网络空间中的对应物。Cyber-I是对真实的个体的全面描述，包括个体的身体状态、生理状态、心理行为、个人特征、社会关系、历史经历等。这种个体描述和建模是根据不同用户的需求和情况为他们提供个性化服务的基础。
Due to the continuing miniaturization of chips and availability of wired/wireless communications, many kinds/forms of devices can be integrated into physical objects and ambient environments. The u-things, as opposed to pure digital e-things existing on computers/Web/Internet, are ordinary physical things with attached, embedded or blended computers, networks, and/or some other devices such as sensors, actors, e-tags and so on. Active smart u-things are ones that can, more or less, sense, compute, communicate, and may take some actions according to their goals, situated contexts, users’ needs, etc. Active smart u-things can be with different levels of intelligence from low to high, and in various intelligent forms, e.g., aware, context-aware, interactive, reactive, proactive, assistive, adaptive, automated, autonomic, sentient, perceptual, organic, life-like, cognitive, thinking, etc. Active smart u-things may cover innumerable types of physical things in the real world. They can be roughly classified into three categories, i.e., smart object, smart space and smart system, according to their appearances and functions. The grand challenge is how to enable these smart u-things to offer desired services to all people in right time, right place and right means with ubisafe guarantee. Furthermore, the essential and existence of human in cyber-physical combined spaces should be re-examined. The Cyber Individual, with a short term ‘Cyber-I’, is a real individual’s counterpart in cyberspace. Cyber-I can be seen as a comprehensive description of a real individual including one’s physical status, physiological states, psychological behaviors, personal features, social relations, history experiences, etc. Such kind of individual description and modeling is fundamental to offer personalized services to different users according to their needs and situations.