Vehicle-to-grid power implementation: From stabilizing the grid to supporting large-scale renewable energy
Vehicle-to-grid power implementation: From stabilizing the grid to supporting large-scale renewable energy
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.12.022
复制
发表时间：
2005-06-01
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Tomic, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kempton, W;Tomic, J
车辆到电网电力（V2G）使用电力驱动车辆（电池、燃料电池或混合动力）为特定电力市场提供电力。本文探讨了利用车辆能源和实施 V2G 所需的系统和流程。它对当今的轻型车队与电力系统进行了定量比较。车队的发电能力是原来的 20 倍，利用率不到十分之一，每个原动机 M 的资本成本只有十分之一。相反，公用发电机的运行寿命延长了 10-50 倍，每千瓦时的运行成本更低。利用V2G就是协同利用这些互补的优势，并协调驾驶员和电网管理者的互补需求。本文提出了这样做的策略和商业模式，以及实施 V2G 所需的步骤。在最初的高价值之后，V2G市场饱和并且生产成本下降，V2G可以为可再生能源发电提供存储。我们的计算表明，V2G 可以稳定大规模（占美国电力的一半）风电，其中 3% 的机队专门用于风电调节，加上 8-38% 的机队为风电提供运营储备或存储。确定了更有可能率先采用 V2G 的司法管辖区。 (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。
Vehicle-to-grid power (V2G) uses electric-drive vehicles (battery, fuel cell, or hybrid) to provide power for specific electric markets. This article examines the systems and processes needed to tap energy in vehicles and implement V2G. It quantitatively compares today's light vehicle fleet with the electric power system. The vehicle fleet has 20 times the power capacity, less than one-tenth the utilization, and one-tenth the capital cost per prime mover M Conversely, utility generators have 10-50 times longer operating life and lower operating costs per kWh. To tap V2G is to synergistically use these complementary strengths and to reconcile the complementary needs of the driver and grid manager. This article suggests strategies and, business models for doing so, and the steps necessary for the implementation of V2G. After the initial high-value, V2G markets saturate and production costs drop, V2G can provide storage for renewable energy generation. Our calculations suggest that V2G could stabilize large-scale (one-half of US electricity) wind power with 3% of the fleet dedicated to regulation for wind, plus 8-38% of the fleet providing operating reserves or storage for wind. Jurisdictions more likely to take the lead in adopting V2G are identified. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.