RESOURCE USE EFFICIENCY IN AGRICULTURE
RESOURCE USE EFFICIENCY IN AGRICULTURE
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/0308-521x(92)90018-j
复制
发表时间：
1992-01-01
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
DEWIT, CT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DEWIT, CT
随着时间的推移，氮肥使用和产量的轨迹表明，肥料在产量范围的高端和低端都是有效的。显然，收益递减规律所预测的边际收益的任何减少，或多或少都会被其他技术变革的好处所补偿。本文分析了支配这种相反趋势的主要过程，以有助于更有效地利用农业资源。这些分析详细阐述了世纪末提出的最佳利勃舍定律。这条定律指出，一个生产要素的最低供应量对生产的贡献越大，其他生产要素就越接近它们的最佳供应量。除了对害虫、疾病和杂草的控制有所保留外，这一法律得到了充分确认。因此，由于生长条件的进一步优化，随着产量水平的提高，没有生产资源被低效地使用，并且大多数生产资源被更有效地使用。是否使用外部生产资料，当然取决于它们的价格，但一旦农民能够负担得起，因此，随着种植条件的进一步优化，越来越多的投入逐渐失去其可变性，农场的固定操作数量也逐渐减少。增加这使得越来越多的投入不是可变成本要素，而是决定耕种一块土地的补充成本要素。因此，为农业及其环境服务的战略研究不应更多地着眼于寻求可变资源的边际回报，而应着眼于寻求最大限度地利用所有其他资源所需的每种生产资源的最低限度。
Trajectories over time of nitrogen use and yield show that the fertilizer is used as efficiently at the high end of the yield range, as at the low end. Apparently, any decrease in marginal returns as predicted by the law of diminishing returns is more or less compensated by the benefits of other technological changes. Main processes that govern such opposing trends are analyzed in this paper to contribute towards more efficient use of resources in agriculture. The analyses elaborate on the optimum law of Liebscher, formulated at the end of the ]9th century. This law states that a production factor which is in minimum supply contributes more to production, the closer other production factors are to their optimum. With some reservations regarding the control of pests, diseases and weeds, this law is fully confirmed. Accordingly, no production resource is used less efficiently and most production resources are used more efficiently with increasing yield level due to further optimizing of growing conditions. Whether external means of production are used at all depends of course on their price, but as soon as the farmer can afford them, they should be used in such a way that the production possibilities of all other available resources are fully exploited It thus appears that with further optimizing of the growing conditions an increasing number of inputs gradually lose their variable character and the number of fixed operations on the farm increase. This makes more and more inputs not a variable cost element, but a complementary cost element of the decision to farm a piece of land. Therefore strategic research that is to serve both agriculture and its environment should not be so much directed towards the search for marginal returns of variable resources, as towards the search for the minimum of each production resource that is needed to allow maximum utilization of all other resources.